Commerce Clause

E660

clause of the United States Constitution constitutional provision

The Commerce Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the power to regulate trade and economic activity among the states and with foreign nations.

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All labels observed (14)

Label	Occurrences
Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution	43
Commerce Clause canonical	42
Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution	18
Foreign Commerce Clause	3
dormant Commerce Clause	3
U.S. Constitution Commerce Clause	2
Article I, Section 8, Indian Commerce Clause	1
Commerce Clause (invoked in arguments and background)	1
Dormant Commerce Clause	1
United States Constitution Commerce Clause	1
United States Constitution Indian Commerce Clause	1
commerce clause	1
dormant commerce clause	1
negative Commerce Clause	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T17000 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Commerce Clause
Context triple: [United States Constitution, contains, Commerce Clause]

A. Residence Act
The Residence Act was a 1790 law passed by the U.S. Congress that authorized the establishment of a permanent national capital along the Potomac River, leading to the creation of Washington, D.C.
B. United States Congress
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislative branch of the federal government of the United States, responsible for making national laws, approving budgets, and overseeing the executive branch.
C. Secretary of Commerce of the United States
The Secretary of Commerce of the United States is the Cabinet-level official who leads the Department of Commerce and oversees federal policies related to economic growth, trade, and business development.
D. Point Four Program
The Point Four Program was a U.S. foreign aid initiative launched in 1949 to provide technical assistance and economic development support to poorer countries as part of Cold War-era efforts to promote stability and counter communism.
E. United States Constitution
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States that established the national framework of government, separated powers among branches, and protects fundamental rights through its articles and amendments.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Commerce Clause
Target entity description: The Commerce Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the power to regulate trade and economic activity among the states and with foreign nations.

A. Residence Act
The Residence Act was a 1790 law passed by the U.S. Congress that authorized the establishment of a permanent national capital along the Potomac River, leading to the creation of Washington, D.C.
B. United States Congress
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislative branch of the federal government of the United States, responsible for making national laws, approving budgets, and overseeing the executive branch.
C. Secretary of Commerce of the United States
The Secretary of Commerce of the United States is the Cabinet-level official who leads the Department of Commerce and oversees federal policies related to economic growth, trade, and business development.
D. Point Four Program
The Point Four Program was a U.S. foreign aid initiative launched in 1949 to provide technical assistance and economic development support to poorer countries as part of Cold War-era efforts to promote stability and counter communism.
E. United States Constitution
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States that established the national framework of government, separated powers among branches, and protects fundamental rights through its articles and amendments.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (50)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ constitutional provision ⓘ
affects	balance of power between federal government and the states ⓘ
appliesTo	interstate transportation ⓘ some forms of interstate services and economic activity ⓘ trade in goods across state lines ⓘ
associatedWithDoctrine	channels of commerce doctrine ⓘ instrumentalities of commerce doctrine ⓘ substantial effects doctrine ⓘ
basisFor	federal civil rights legislation affecting businesses engaged in interstate commerce ⓘ federal environmental regulation affecting interstate commerce ⓘ federal labor regulation ⓘ federal regulation of transportation and communications networks ⓘ
contrastedWith	Necessary and Proper Clause ⓘ Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ
dormantAspectLimits	state laws that unduly burden interstate commerce ⓘ
empowers	Congress to regulate commerce among the several states ⓘ Congress to regulate commerce with Indian tribes ⓘ Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations ⓘ
grantsPowerTo	United States Congress ⓘ federal legislature of the United States ⓘ
hasImpliedConcept	dormant Commerce Clause ⓘ linked to: Commerce Clause
hasInterpretationBy	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
historicalContext	drafted at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 ⓘ
interpretedInCase	Gibbons v. Ogden ⓘ Gonzales v. Raich ⓘ Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States ⓘ Katzenbach v. McClung ⓘ NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. ⓘ Wickard v. Filburn ⓘ
jurisdiction	United States ⓘ linked to: United States of America
languageSource	Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution ⓘ linked to: Article I of the United States Constitution
legalField	constitutional law ⓘ economic regulation ⓘ federalism ⓘ
limitedByCase	United States v. Lopez ⓘ United States v. Morrison ⓘ linked to: United States v. Lopez
locatedInDocument	United States Constitution ⓘ
partOf	Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution ⓘ linked to: Article I of the United States Constitution
purpose	to create a national market free from state trade barriers ⓘ to prevent economic protectionism among states ⓘ
relatedProvision	Necessary and Proper Clause ⓘ Supremacy Clause ⓘ Taxing and Spending Clause ⓘ
relatesTo	Indian commerce ⓘ foreign commerce ⓘ interstate commerce ⓘ
textBeginsWith	"To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes" ⓘ
usedFor	expansion of federal authority over the national economy ⓘ justification of federal regulatory power ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (119)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

United States Constitution → contains → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Commerce Clause → hasImpliedConcept → dormant Commerce Clause ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Necessary and Proper Clause → relatedTo → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Taxing and Spending Clause → distinguishedFrom → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Wickard v. Filburn → hasConstitutionalProvision → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Privileges and Immunities Clause → distinctFrom → Dormant Commerce Clause ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

United States federal law → sourceOfAuthority → commerce clause ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States → constitutionalBasis → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935 → constitutionalBasisClaimed → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act → constitutionalBasis → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Gonzales v. Raich → constitutionalProvision → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Article I of the United States Constitution → containsClause → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Katzenbach v. McClung → constitutionalProvision → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Gibbons v. Ogden → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Commerce Clause ⓘ

United States v. Lopez → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Commerce Clause ⓘ

United States v. Darby → relatedConstitutionalProvision → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Controlled Substances Act → legalBasis → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Commerce Clause ⓘ

New York v. United States (1992) → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

NFIB v. Sebelius → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Commerce Clause ⓘ

substantial effects doctrine → appliesTo → Commerce Clause ⓘ

National League of Cities v. Usery → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Article IV, Section 1 of the United States Constitution → relatedTo → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Paul v. Virginia → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States → legalSubject → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause → legalBasis → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution → alsoKnownAs → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution → hasDoctrine → dormant Commerce Clause ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution → hasDoctrine → negative Commerce Clause ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Carter v. Carter Coal Co. → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act → legalBasis → Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act → constitutionalBasis → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Bureau of Indian Affairs → legalBasis → United States Constitution Indian Commerce Clause ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Commerce Compromise → hasPart → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Worcester v. Georgia → backgroundLaw → U.S. Constitution Commerce Clause ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Title II – Public Accommodations → constitutionalBasis → Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Article I, Section 8, Indian Commerce Clause ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Public Law 106-274 → constitutionalBasis → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Emergency Price Control Act of 1942 → constitutionalBasisClaimed → Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

United States v. Morrison → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Property Clause → relatedTo → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 → relatedTo → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

subject linked to: Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)

linked to: Commerce Clause

Alfonso Lopez Jr. → constitutionalProvisionInvolved → Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution ⓘ

subject linked to: Alfonso Lopez, Jr.

linked to: Commerce Clause

Import-Export Clause → relatedTo → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Ollie’s Barbecue case → constitutionalProvision → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Ollie’s Barbecue → associatedWithConstitutionalProvision → Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 → constitutionalBasis → Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

Ollie’s Barbecue purchased a substantial portion of its food from out-of-state suppliers → isRelevantToDoctrine → Commerce Clause ⓘ

Ollie’s Barbecue refused to serve Black customers in its dining area → constitutionalBasisForRegulation → Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution ⓘ

linked to: Commerce Clause

All labels observed (14)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (50)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (119)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited