Gonzales v. Raich
E8365
Gonzales v. Raich is a 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal power to prohibit local cultivation and use of marijuana under the Commerce Clause, even when states permit it for medical purposes.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Gonzales v. Raich canonical | 13 |
| Alberto R. Gonzales, Attorney General, et al. v. Angel McClary Raich et al. | 1 |
| United States federal government in Gonzales v. Raich | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T33114 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gonzales v. Raich Context triple: [Commerce Clause, interpretedInCase, Gonzales v. Raich]
-
A.
United States v. Lopez
United States v. Lopez is a 1995 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the first time in decades the Court struck down a federal law for exceeding Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause, signaling a revival of limits on federal regulatory authority.
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B.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
-
C.
Arizona v. United States
Arizona v. United States is a 2012 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited state authority over immigration enforcement by affirming broad federal power in this area.
-
D.
Wickard v. Filburn
Wickard v. Filburn is a landmark 1942 U.S. Supreme Court case that dramatically expanded federal regulatory power by holding that even purely local, non-commercial activity could be regulated under the Commerce Clause if it had a substantial effect on interstate commerce.
-
E.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization is the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Wade and ended the federal constitutional right to abortion.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gonzales v. Raich Target entity description: Gonzales v. Raich is a 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal power to prohibit local cultivation and use of marijuana under the Commerce Clause, even when states permit it for medical purposes.
-
A.
United States v. Lopez
United States v. Lopez is a 1995 U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the first time in decades the Court struck down a federal law for exceeding Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause, signaling a revival of limits on federal regulatory authority.
-
B.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
-
C.
Arizona v. United States
Arizona v. United States is a 2012 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited state authority over immigration enforcement by affirming broad federal power in this area.
-
D.
Wickard v. Filburn
Wickard v. Filburn is a landmark 1942 U.S. Supreme Court case that dramatically expanded federal regulatory power by holding that even purely local, non-commercial activity could be regulated under the Commerce Clause if it had a substantial effect on interstate commerce.
-
E.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization is the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Wade and ended the federal constitutional right to abortion.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
federal court case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
constitutional law
ⓘ
drug law ⓘ federal criminal law ⓘ |
| arguedDate | 2004-11-29 ⓘ |
| citation |
125 S. Ct. 2195
ⓘ
162 L. Ed. 2d 1 ⓘ 545 U.S. 1 ⓘ |
| concurrenceBy | Antonin Scalia ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvision |
Commerce Clause
ⓘ
Necessary and Proper Clause ⓘ |
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decidedBy |
Rehnquist Court
ⓘ
linked to:
Supreme Court of the United States
|
| decisionDate | 2005-06-06 ⓘ |
| dissentBy |
Clarence Thomas
ⓘ
Sandra Day O’Connor ⓘ William H. Rehnquist ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 03-1454 ⓘ |
| fullCaseName |
Alberto R. Gonzales, Attorney General, et al. v. Angel McClary Raich et al.
ⓘ
linked to:
Gonzales v. Raich
|
| holding | Congress may prohibit the local cultivation and use of marijuana under the Commerce Clause even if state law authorizes its use for medical purposes. ⓘ |
| impact |
expanded understanding of Congress’s power over intrastate activities affecting interstate markets
ⓘ
limited practical effect of state medical marijuana exemptions against federal enforcement ⓘ |
| joinedMajority |
Anthony Kennedy
ⓘ
linked to:
Anthony M. Kennedy
David Souter ⓘ
linked to:
David H. Souter
Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ Stephen Breyer ⓘ
linked to:
Stephen G. Breyer
|
| jurisdiction |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| legalIssue |
federalism
ⓘ
medical marijuana regulation ⓘ scope of the Commerce Clause ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | John Paul Stevens ⓘ |
| overruled | no ⓘ |
| petitioner |
Alberto R. Gonzales
ⓘ
linked to:
Alberto Gonzales
|
| precedentStatus | binding on all lower federal courts ⓘ |
| priorCaseReliedOn | Wickard v. Filburn ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
United States v. Lopez
ⓘ
United States v. Morrison ⓘ |
| relatedConcept | supremacy of federal law over conflicting state law ⓘ |
| respondent |
Angel McClary Raich
ⓘ
Diane Monson ⓘ |
| result | federal prohibition on marijuana possession and cultivation upheld ⓘ |
| stateInvolved |
California
ⓘ
linked to:
California, United States
|
| stateLawContext | California medical marijuana law ⓘ |
| statuteInterpreted | Controlled Substances Act ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
conflict between federal and state drug laws
ⓘ
federal regulation of marijuana ⓘ |
| vote | 6-3 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Gonzales v. Raich Description of subject: Gonzales v. Raich is a 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal power to prohibit local cultivation and use of marijuana under the Commerce Clause, even when states permit it for medical purposes.
Referenced by (15)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Gonzales v. Raich
→
fullCaseName
→
Alberto R. Gonzales, Attorney General, et al. v. Angel McClary Raich et al.
ⓘ
linked to: Gonzales v. Raich
linked to: Gonzales v. Raich
subject linked to:
Raich