NFIB v. Sebelius
E13966
NFIB v. Sebelius is the landmark 2012 U.S. Supreme Court case that largely upheld the Affordable Care Act, notably ruling that its individual mandate could be sustained under Congress’s taxing power.
All labels observed (5)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T125944 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: NFIB v. Sebelius Context triple: [Taxing and Spending Clause, significantCase, NFIB v. Sebelius]
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A.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
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B.
Gonzales v. Raich
Gonzales v. Raich is a 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal power to prohibit local cultivation and use of marijuana under the Commerce Clause, even when states permit it for medical purposes.
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C.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization is the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Wade and ended the federal constitutional right to abortion.
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D.
Arizona v. United States
Arizona v. United States is a 2012 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited state authority over immigration enforcement by affirming broad federal power in this area.
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E.
Obergefell v. Hodges
Obergefell v. Hodges is the landmark 2015 U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide by ruling that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: NFIB v. Sebelius Target entity description: NFIB v. Sebelius is the landmark 2012 U.S. Supreme Court case that largely upheld the Affordable Care Act, notably ruling that its individual mandate could be sustained under Congress’s taxing power.
-
A.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
-
B.
Gonzales v. Raich
Gonzales v. Raich is a 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal power to prohibit local cultivation and use of marijuana under the Commerce Clause, even when states permit it for medical purposes.
-
C.
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization is the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Roe v. Wade and ended the federal constitutional right to abortion.
-
D.
Arizona v. United States
Arizona v. United States is a 2012 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited state authority over immigration enforcement by affirming broad federal power in this area.
-
E.
Obergefell v. Hodges
Obergefell v. Hodges is the landmark 2015 U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide by ruling that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (59)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
landmark case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
constitutional law
ⓘ
health law ⓘ |
| chiefJusticeAtDecision | John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ |
| citation | 567 U.S. 519 ⓘ |
| commerceClausePluralityBy | John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInterpreted |
Commerce Clause
ⓘ
Necessary and Proper Clause ⓘ Spending Clause ⓘ
linked to:
Taxing and Spending Clause
Taxing and Spending Clause ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| decidingCourt | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 2012-06-28 ⓘ |
| dissentingOpinionBy |
Anthony M. Kennedy
ⓘ
Antonin Scalia ⓘ Clarence Thomas ⓘ Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ |
| docketNumber |
11-393
ⓘ
11-398 ⓘ 11-400 ⓘ |
| effect |
largely upheld the Affordable Care Act
ⓘ
made Medicaid expansion effectively optional for states ⓘ |
| fullName |
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
ⓘ
linked to:
NFIB v. Sebelius
|
| holding |
Anti-Injunction Act does not bar the suit
ⓘ
Medicaid expansion as enacted is unconstitutionally coercive on the states ⓘ individual mandate exceeds Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause ⓘ individual mandate is a valid exercise of Congress’s taxing power ⓘ remedy for Medicaid expansion is to bar withholding of existing Medicaid funds from nonconsenting states ⓘ |
| issue |
constitutionality of Medicaid expansion provisions
ⓘ
constitutionality of the individual mandate ⓘ scope of Congress’s Commerce Clause power ⓘ scope of Congress’s Taxing Power ⓘ |
| joinedInCommerceClausePlurality |
Anthony M. Kennedy
ⓘ
Antonin Scalia ⓘ Clarence Thomas ⓘ Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ |
| joinedInMedicaidPlurality |
Elena Kagan
ⓘ
Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| joinedInTaxPowerMajority |
Elena Kagan
ⓘ
John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ Sonia Sotomayor ⓘ Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ |
| medicaidOpinionPluralityBy | John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ |
| petitioner |
National Federation of Independent Business
ⓘ
States challenging the Affordable Care Act ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
coercion doctrine in Spending Clause jurisprudence
ⓘ
federalism ⓘ individual mandate ⓘ shared responsibility payment ⓘ |
| relatedLegislation |
Affordable Care Act
ⓘ
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ⓘ
linked to:
Affordable Care Act
|
| respondent | Kathleen Sebelius ⓘ |
| respondentOffice | Secretary of Health and Human Services ⓘ |
| separateOpinionBy |
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
ⓘ
Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| term | October Term 2011 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: NFIB v. Sebelius Description of subject: NFIB v. Sebelius is the landmark 2012 U.S. Supreme Court case that largely upheld the Affordable Care Act, notably ruling that its individual mandate could be sustained under Congress’s taxing power.
Referenced by (21)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
Stephen G. Breyer
→
notableCaseParticipation
→
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
ⓘ
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
National Federation of Independent Business
→
partyTo
→
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
ⓘ
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
subject linked to:
ACA
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
California v. Texas
→
holding
→
the Supreme Court did not reach the merits of the constitutional challenge to the individual mandate
ⓘ
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
subject linked to:
John
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
United States Supreme Court cases
→
hasPart
→
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
ⓘ
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
Donald B. Verrilli Jr.
→
notableWork
→
Defense of the Affordable Care Act in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
ⓘ
subject linked to:
Donald B. Verrilli, Jr.
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
subject linked to:
Donald B. Verrilli, Jr.
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius
linked to: NFIB v. Sebelius