methotrexate
E242406
antifolate
antimetabolite drug
chemotherapy agent
disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
immunosuppressive agent
small molecule
Methotrexate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) commonly used to treat autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and certain cancers by inhibiting folate-dependent cell proliferation.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| methotrexate canonical | 7 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2190612 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: methotrexate Context triple: [Remicade, isOftenUsedWith, methotrexate]
-
A.
Remicade
Remicade is a widely used monoclonal antibody biologic (infliximab) prescribed to treat autoimmune inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis.
-
B.
Rituxan
Rituxan is a monoclonal antibody drug (rituximab) widely used to treat certain blood cancers and autoimmune diseases by targeting the CD20 protein on B cells.
-
C.
Stelara
Stelara is a prescription biologic medication (ustekinumab) used to treat autoimmune conditions such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn’s disease by targeting specific immune system pathways.
-
D.
Actemra
Actemra is a prescription biologic medication (tocilizumab) used to treat inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor.
-
E.
Taltz
Taltz is a prescription biologic medication (ixekizumab) used to treat moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and certain types of arthritis by targeting the inflammatory protein IL-17A.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: methotrexate Target entity description: Methotrexate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) commonly used to treat autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and certain cancers by inhibiting folate-dependent cell proliferation.
-
A.
Remicade
Remicade is a widely used monoclonal antibody biologic (infliximab) prescribed to treat autoimmune inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis.
-
B.
Rituxan
Rituxan is a monoclonal antibody drug (rituximab) widely used to treat certain blood cancers and autoimmune diseases by targeting the CD20 protein on B cells.
-
C.
Stelara
Stelara is a prescription biologic medication (ustekinumab) used to treat autoimmune conditions such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn’s disease by targeting specific immune system pathways.
-
D.
Actemra
Actemra is a prescription biologic medication (tocilizumab) used to treat inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor.
-
E.
Taltz
Taltz is a prescription biologic medication (ixekizumab) used to treat moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and certain types of arthritis by targeting the inflammatory protein IL-17A.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (64)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
antifolate
ⓘ
antimetabolite drug ⓘ chemotherapy agent ⓘ disease-modifying antirheumatic drug ⓘ immunosuppressive agent ⓘ small molecule ⓘ |
| actsOn | dihydrofolate reductase ⓘ |
| coTherapyRecommended | folic acid supplementation ⓘ |
| hasAntidote | leucovorin (folinic acid) ⓘ |
| hasATCCode |
L01BA01
ⓘ
L04AX03 ⓘ |
| hasBioavailability | approximately 60–70% (oral, low doses) ⓘ |
| hasBlackBoxWarning | risk of serious toxicity including bone marrow, liver, lung, and kidney damage ⓘ |
| hasCASNumber | 59-05-2 ⓘ |
| hasDrugBankID | DB00563 ⓘ |
| hasEliminationHalfLife |
3–10 hours (low dose)
ⓘ
8–15 hours (high dose) ⓘ |
| hasFirstFDAApprovalYear | 1953 (oncology indications, historical) ⓘ |
| hasIUPACName | (2S)-2-[[4-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl-methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid ⓘ |
| hasMolecularFormula | C20H22N8O5 ⓘ |
| hasProteinBinding | about 50% ⓘ |
| hasPubChemCID | 126941 ⓘ |
| hasRouteOfAdministration |
intramuscular
ⓘ
intrathecal ⓘ intravenous ⓘ oral ⓘ subcutaneous ⓘ |
| hasUNII | YL5FZ2Y5U1 ⓘ |
| interactsWith |
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
ⓘ
penicillins ⓘ probenecid ⓘ trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ⓘ |
| isClassifiedAs | conventional synthetic DMARD ⓘ |
| isContraindicatedIn |
breastfeeding
ⓘ
pregnancy ⓘ severe hepatic impairment ⓘ severe renal impairment ⓘ |
| isEliminatedBy | renal excretion ⓘ |
| majorAdverseEffect |
bone marrow suppression
ⓘ
gastrointestinal toxicity ⓘ hepatotoxicity ⓘ mucositis ⓘ pulmonary toxicity ⓘ teratogenicity ⓘ |
| mechanismOfAction |
exerts immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects
ⓘ
inhibits DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication ⓘ inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and other folate-dependent enzymes ⓘ |
| requiresMonitoringOf |
complete blood count
ⓘ
liver function tests ⓘ renal function ⓘ |
| usedFor |
Crohn's disease (off-label in some regions)
ⓘ
acute lymphoblastic leukemia ⓘ choriocarcinoma ⓘ ectopic pregnancy ⓘ juvenile idiopathic arthritis ⓘ non-Hodgkin lymphoma ⓘ osteosarcoma ⓘ psoriasis ⓘ psoriatic arthritis ⓘ rheumatoid arthritis ⓘ severe rheumatoid arthritis unresponsive to other therapies ⓘ severe, recalcitrant psoriasis ⓘ ulcerative colitis (off-label in some regions) ⓘ |
| wasApprovedBy |
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
ⓘ
linked to:
Food and Drug Administration
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: methotrexate Description of subject: Methotrexate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) commonly used to treat autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and certain cancers by inhibiting folate-dependent cell proliferation.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.