memantine
E115307
Memantine is a medication that helps manage symptoms of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease by modulating glutamate activity in the brain.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| memantine canonical | 4 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T972846 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: memantine Context triple: [Alzheimer's disease, canBeTreatedWith, memantine]
-
A.
Mem
Mem is the thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, representing the "m" sound and having both standard and final written forms.
-
B.
MCI-Shirley
MCI-Shirley is a medium- and minimum-security state prison for men located in Shirley, Massachusetts.
-
C.
Aduhelm
Aduhelm is an Alzheimer’s disease drug developed by Biogen that targets amyloid-beta plaques in the brain.
-
D.
Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
-
E.
Tysabri
Tysabri is a monoclonal antibody medication primarily used to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: memantine Target entity description: Memantine is a medication that helps manage symptoms of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease by modulating glutamate activity in the brain.
-
A.
Mem
Mem is the thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, representing the "m" sound and having both standard and final written forms.
-
B.
MCI-Shirley
MCI-Shirley is a medium- and minimum-security state prison for men located in Shirley, Massachusetts.
-
C.
Aduhelm
Aduhelm is an Alzheimer’s disease drug developed by Biogen that targets amyloid-beta plaques in the brain.
-
D.
Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
-
E.
Tysabri
Tysabri is a monoclonal antibody medication primarily used to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
NMDA receptor antagonist
ⓘ
adamantane derivative ⓘ medication ⓘ neuropsychiatric drug ⓘ |
| aimsTo | reduce excitotoxicity ⓘ |
| belongsToDrugClass | dementia drugs ⓘ |
| canImprove |
activities of daily living in Alzheimer’s disease
ⓘ
cognition in Alzheimer’s disease ⓘ global clinical status in Alzheimer’s disease ⓘ |
| commonAdverseEffect |
confusion
ⓘ
constipation ⓘ dizziness ⓘ headache ⓘ |
| contraindication | hypersensitivity to memantine ⓘ |
| crosses | blood–brain barrier ⓘ |
| doseAdjustmentRequiredIn | severe renal impairment ⓘ |
| FDAApprovalYear | 2003 ⓘ |
| hasATCCode | N06DX01 ⓘ |
| hasBioavailability | approximately 100% ⓘ |
| hasCASNumber | 19982-08-2 ⓘ |
| hasChemicalFormula | C12H21N ⓘ |
| hasEliminationHalfLife | about 60–80 hours ⓘ |
| hasIUPACName | 3,5-dimethyladamantan-1-amine ⓘ |
| hasPregnancyCategory | C (US, historical classification) ⓘ |
| hasProteinBinding | low ⓘ |
| indication |
Alzheimer’s-type dementia
ⓘ
moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease ⓘ |
| isAvailableAs |
extended-release capsule
ⓘ
oral solution ⓘ oral tablet ⓘ |
| isExcretedVia | kidney ⓘ |
| isMarketedUnderBrandName |
Axura
ⓘ
Ebixa ⓘ Namenda ⓘ |
| isMetabolizedExtent | minimally metabolized ⓘ |
| isOftenUsedWith | acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ⓘ |
| legalStatusInEU | prescription only ⓘ |
| legalStatusInUS | prescription only ⓘ |
| maySlow | clinical worsening in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease ⓘ |
| mechanismOfAction | uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist ⓘ |
| modulates | glutamatergic neurotransmission ⓘ |
| regulates | pathological glutamate activity ⓘ |
| routeOfAdministration | oral ⓘ |
| seriousAdverseEffect |
hallucinations
ⓘ
hypertension ⓘ |
| targets | NMDA receptor ⓘ |
| wasApprovedBy |
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
ⓘ
linked to:
Food and Drug Administration
|
| wasFirstApprovedForAlzheimersIn | Europe in the 1980s ⓘ |
| wasFirstSynthesizedIn | 1968 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: memantine Description of subject: Memantine is a medication that helps manage symptoms of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease by modulating glutamate activity in the brain.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.