cyclosporine A
E852338
Cyclosporine A is an immunosuppressant drug widely used to prevent organ transplant rejection and treat certain autoimmune diseases.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| cyclosporine | 2 |
| cyclosporine A canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10291833 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: cyclosporine A Context triple: [P-glycoprotein, inhibitorOfType, cyclosporine A]
-
A.
thalidomide
Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug historically known for causing severe birth defects, now used under strict controls to treat conditions such as multiple myeloma and complications of leprosy.
-
B.
cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide is a widely used alkylating chemotherapy and immunosuppressive drug commonly employed in the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases.
-
C.
Ripatransone
Ripatransone is a historic hilltop town in Italy’s Marche region, known for its medieval architecture, panoramic views, and well-preserved old center.
-
D.
amphotericin B
Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal medication primarily used to treat severe, systemic fungal infections.
-
E.
methotrexate
Methotrexate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) commonly used to treat autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and certain cancers by inhibiting folate-dependent cell proliferation.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: cyclosporine A Target entity description: Cyclosporine A is an immunosuppressant drug widely used to prevent organ transplant rejection and treat certain autoimmune diseases.
-
A.
thalidomide
Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug historically known for causing severe birth defects, now used under strict controls to treat conditions such as multiple myeloma and complications of leprosy.
-
B.
cyclophosphamide
Cyclophosphamide is a widely used alkylating chemotherapy and immunosuppressive drug commonly employed in the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases.
-
C.
Ripatransone
Ripatransone is a historic hilltop town in Italy’s Marche region, known for its medieval architecture, panoramic views, and well-preserved old center.
-
D.
amphotericin B
Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal medication primarily used to treat severe, systemic fungal infections.
-
E.
methotrexate
Methotrexate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) commonly used to treat autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and certain cancers by inhibiting folate-dependent cell proliferation.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (67)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
calcineurin inhibitor
ⓘ
cyclic peptide ⓘ immunosuppressive drug ⓘ systemic immunosuppressant ⓘ |
| affectsPathway | T-cell receptor signaling pathway ⓘ |
| approvedForUseIn | 1983 ⓘ |
| belongsTo | World Health Organization List of Essential Medicines ⓘ |
| bindsTo | cyclophilin ⓘ |
| commonAdverseEffect |
gingival hyperplasia
ⓘ
hirsutism ⓘ hyperlipidemia ⓘ hypertension ⓘ hyperuricemia ⓘ nephrotoxicity ⓘ tremor ⓘ |
| contraindicatedIn |
malignancy
ⓘ
uncontrolled hypertension ⓘ |
| decreases |
T-cell proliferation
ⓘ
interleukin-2 production ⓘ |
| developedBy | Sandoz ⓘ |
| discoveredFrom | fungus Tolypocladium inflatum ⓘ |
| discoveredIn | 1970 ⓘ |
| drugInteractionWith |
CYP3A4 inducers
ⓘ
CYP3A4 inhibitors ⓘ grapefruit juice ⓘ nephrotoxic drugs ⓘ |
| hasATCCode |
D11AX14
ⓘ
L04AD01 ⓘ S01XA18 ⓘ |
| hasBioavailability | 20–50% ⓘ |
| hasBlackBoxWarning |
risk of malignancies
ⓘ
risk of serious infections ⓘ |
| hasBrandName |
Neoral
ⓘ
Restasis ⓘ Sandimmune ⓘ |
| hasCASNumber | 59865-13-3 ⓘ |
| hasChemicalFormula | C62H111N11O12 ⓘ |
| hasEliminationHalfLife | about 8.4 hours (variable) ⓘ |
| hasExcretion |
biliary
ⓘ
fecal ⓘ |
| hasMetabolism | hepatic ⓘ |
| hasMolecularWeight | 1202.61 g/mol ⓘ |
| hasPregnancyCategory | C (US, systemic) ⓘ |
| hasProteinBinding | >90% ⓘ |
| hasRouteOfAdministration |
intravenous
ⓘ
ophthalmic ⓘ oral ⓘ topical ⓘ |
| hasUNIID | 83HN0GTJ6D ⓘ |
| isAdministeredAs | microemulsion formulation ⓘ |
| isChirality | chiral ⓘ |
| isListedAs | narrow therapeutic index drug ⓘ |
| mechanismOfAction |
inhibition of T-lymphocyte activation
ⓘ
inhibition of calcineurin ⓘ |
| metabolizedBy |
CYP3A4
ⓘ
CYP3A5 ⓘ |
| targets | calcineurin ⓘ |
| usedFor |
prevention of heart transplant rejection
ⓘ
prevention of kidney transplant rejection ⓘ prevention of liver transplant rejection ⓘ prevention of organ transplant rejection ⓘ treatment of atopic dermatitis ⓘ treatment of dry eye disease ⓘ treatment of nephrotic syndrome ⓘ treatment of psoriasis ⓘ treatment of rheumatoid arthritis ⓘ treatment of uveitis ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: cyclosporine A Description of subject: Cyclosporine A is an immunosuppressant drug widely used to prevent organ transplant rejection and treat certain autoimmune diseases.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: cyclosporine A
linked to: cyclosporine A