St John’s wort
E850014
St John’s wort is a herbal antidepressant remedy derived from the plant Hypericum perforatum, widely used for mild to moderate depression but known for significant drug–drug interactions due to its induction of liver enzymes.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| St John’s wort canonical | 2 |
| St. John’s wort | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10214784 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: St John’s wort Context triple: [CYP3A4, inducedBy, St John’s wort]
-
A.
Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus is a Mediterranean shrub commonly known as chaste tree or chasteberry, widely used in herbal medicine for its effects on hormonal balance and menstrual disorders.
-
B.
Echinacea
Echinacea is a genus of flowering plants commonly known as coneflowers, widely used in herbal medicine and valued for their showy, daisy-like blooms.
-
C.
Milk Thistle
"Milk Thistle" is a reflective, acoustic-driven folk song by Conor Oberst known for its intimate lyrics and melancholic tone.
-
D.
Chelidonium
Chelidonium is a small genus of flowering plants, commonly known as celandines, recognized for their yellow latex and traditional medicinal uses.
-
E.
Gelsemium
Gelsemium is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Gelsemiaceae, known for its ornamental yet highly toxic, fragrant yellow-flowered vines commonly called yellow jessamine.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: St John’s wort Target entity description: St John’s wort is a herbal antidepressant remedy derived from the plant Hypericum perforatum, widely used for mild to moderate depression but known for significant drug–drug interactions due to its induction of liver enzymes.
-
A.
Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus is a Mediterranean shrub commonly known as chaste tree or chasteberry, widely used in herbal medicine for its effects on hormonal balance and menstrual disorders.
-
B.
Echinacea
Echinacea is a genus of flowering plants commonly known as coneflowers, widely used in herbal medicine and valued for their showy, daisy-like blooms.
-
C.
Milk Thistle
"Milk Thistle" is a reflective, acoustic-driven folk song by Conor Oberst known for its intimate lyrics and melancholic tone.
-
D.
Chelidonium
Chelidonium is a small genus of flowering plants, commonly known as celandines, recognized for their yellow latex and traditional medicinal uses.
-
E.
Gelsemium
Gelsemium is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Gelsemiaceae, known for its ornamental yet highly toxic, fragrant yellow-flowered vines commonly called yellow jessamine.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (57)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
antidepressant
ⓘ
herbal medicinal product ⓘ phytotherapeutic agent ⓘ |
| adverseEffect |
dizziness
ⓘ
dry mouth ⓘ fatigue ⓘ gastrointestinal upset ⓘ photosensitivity ⓘ |
| causes | drug–drug interactions ⓘ |
| contraindicatedWith |
HIV protease inhibitors
ⓘ
cyclosporine ⓘ
linked to:
cyclosporine A
irinotecan ⓘ tacrolimus ⓘ |
| derivedFrom | Hypericum perforatum ⓘ |
| hasActiveConstituent |
flavonoids
ⓘ
hyperforin ⓘ hypericin ⓘ pseudohypericin ⓘ |
| hasCommonName | St John’s wort ⓘ |
| hasFormulation |
capsule
ⓘ
liquid extract ⓘ tablet ⓘ tea ⓘ |
| hasPharmacologicalEffect |
antidepressant effect
ⓘ
anxiolytic effect ⓘ |
| hasScientificName | Hypericum perforatum extract ⓘ |
| inducesEnzyme |
CYP2C19
ⓘ
CYP2C9 ⓘ CYP3A4 ⓘ |
| inducesTransporter | P-glycoprotein ⓘ |
| interactionMechanism |
enzyme induction in liver
ⓘ
increased drug metabolism ⓘ |
| mayReducePlasmaConcentrationOf |
HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
ⓘ
HIV protease inhibitors ⓘ certain anticancer drugs ⓘ certain immunosuppressants ⓘ certain statins ⓘ cyclosporine ⓘ
linked to:
cyclosporine A
oral contraceptives ⓘ warfarin ⓘ |
| mechanismOfAction |
inhibition of dopamine reuptake
ⓘ
inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake ⓘ inhibition of serotonin reuptake ⓘ modulation of GABA receptors ⓘ modulation of glutamate receptors ⓘ |
| regulatoryStatus | over-the-counter herbal medicine in many countries ⓘ |
| requires | medical supervision when combined with other medications ⓘ |
| risk |
reduced anticoagulant effect of warfarin
ⓘ
serotonin syndrome when combined with SSRIs ⓘ serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs ⓘ transplant rejection when combined with cyclosporine ⓘ unplanned pregnancy when combined with oral contraceptives ⓘ |
| standardizedTo |
hyperforin content
ⓘ
hypericin content ⓘ |
| typicalDoseRange | 300–900 mg per day of standardized extract ⓘ |
| usedFor |
mild depression
ⓘ
moderate depression ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: St John’s wort Description of subject: St John’s wort is a herbal antidepressant remedy derived from the plant Hypericum perforatum, widely used for mild to moderate depression but known for significant drug–drug interactions due to its induction of liver enzymes.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: St John’s wort