Wisconsin glaciation

E63649

Pleistocene glaciation glaciation

The Wisconsin glaciation was the last major advance of continental ice sheets in North America during the Pleistocene, profoundly reshaping the continent’s landscapes and drainage systems.

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All labels observed (8)

Label	Occurrences
Weichselian glaciation	2
Wisconsin glaciation canonical	2
Wisconsinan Stage	2
Late Wisconsin glaciation	1
Sangamon interglacial	1
Wisconsin Glaciation	1
Wisconsinan Glaciation	1
Wisconsinan glaciation	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T510231 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Wisconsin glaciation
Context triple: [Niagara Falls, formedBy, Wisconsin glaciation]

A. English Glacier
English Glacier is a glacier located on the slopes of Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the Americas, in the Andes of Argentina.
B. The Ice Sheet at Ogden
The Ice Sheet at Ogden is an ice arena in Ogden, Utah, best known for hosting curling events during the 2002 Winter Olympics.
C. Études sur les glaciers
Études sur les glaciers is a foundational 1840 scientific work by Louis Agassiz that helped establish the study of glaciers and the concept of past ice ages in geology.
D. Doaba
Doaba is a culturally rich region of Punjab in northern India, historically known for its fertile land between the Beas and Sutlej rivers and its significant Punjabi diaspora.
E. Polish Glacier
Polish Glacier is a prominent and challenging ice route on the eastern face of Aconcagua, renowned among mountaineers for its steep, high-altitude climbing.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Wisconsin glaciation
Target entity description: The Wisconsin glaciation was the last major advance of continental ice sheets in North America during the Pleistocene, profoundly reshaping the continent’s landscapes and drainage systems.

A. English Glacier
English Glacier is a glacier located on the slopes of Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the Americas, in the Andes of Argentina.
B. The Ice Sheet at Ogden
The Ice Sheet at Ogden is an ice arena in Ogden, Utah, best known for hosting curling events during the 2002 Winter Olympics.
C. Études sur les glaciers
Études sur les glaciers is a foundational 1840 scientific work by Louis Agassiz that helped establish the study of glaciers and the concept of past ice ages in geology.
D. Doaba
Doaba is a culturally rich region of Punjab in northern India, historically known for its fertile land between the Beas and Sutlej rivers and its significant Punjabi diaspora.
E. Polish Glacier
Polish Glacier is a prominent and challenging ice route on the eastern face of Aconcagua, renowned among mountaineers for its steep, high-altitude climbing.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (58)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Pleistocene glaciation ⓘ glaciation ⓘ
affectedRegion	Canada ⓘ Northeastern United States ⓘ Northern Great Plains ⓘ linked to: Great Plains Rocky Mountains ⓘ Upper Midwestern United States ⓘ linked to: Midwestern United States
alsoKnownAs	Wisconsin Stage ⓘ Wisconsinan glaciation ⓘ linked to: Wisconsin glaciation
causedEvent	Missoula floods in the Pacific Northwest ⓘ isostatic depression of the crust in formerly glaciated areas ⓘ
chronostratigraphicUnit	Wisconsinan Stage ⓘ linked to: Wisconsin glaciation
continent	North America ⓘ
correlatesWith	Devensian glaciation ⓘ linked to: Würm glaciation Weichselian glaciation ⓘ linked to: Würm glaciation Würm glaciation ⓘ
createdFeature	Lake Agassiz basin ⓘ Lake Missoula basin ⓘ basins of the modern Great Lakes (modification of preexisting basins) ⓘ
createdLandform	drumlins in New York and New England ⓘ eskers in Canada and northern United States ⓘ glacial till plains ⓘ kettle lakes in glaciated regions ⓘ moraines in the upper Midwest ⓘ outwash plains ⓘ proglacial lake basins ⓘ
endApproximate	about 11,000 years ago ⓘ
evidenceType	glacial striations ⓘ loess deposits ⓘ morainic ridges ⓘ radiocarbon-dated organic material in glacial sediments ⓘ
exposedFeature	Bering land bridge between Siberia and Alaska ⓘ
followedBy	Holocene epoch ⓘ linked to: Holocene Holocene interglacial ⓘ
geologicTimeScaleSeries	Pleistocene ⓘ linked to: Pleistocene epoch
geologicTimeScaleSystem	Quaternary ⓘ linked to: Quaternary period
influenced	distribution of Pleistocene megafauna in North America ⓘ migration routes of humans into the Americas ⓘ
lastGlacialMaximumApproximate	about 21,000 years ago ⓘ
lastMajorAdvanceOf	Cordilleran Ice Sheet ⓘ Greenland Ice Sheet (North American sector) ⓘ Laurentide Ice Sheet ⓘ linked to: Laurentide Ice Sheet in North America
maximumIceExtentReached	Last Glacial Maximum ⓘ
modified	Mississippi River drainage ⓘ linked to: Mississippi River basin St. Lawrence River drainage ⓘ linked to: Saint Lawrence River drainage systems of central North America ⓘ
namedAfter	U.S. state of Wisconsin ⓘ linked to: Wisconsin
nameProposedBy	geologists of the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey ⓘ
partOf	Late Pleistocene ⓘ linked to: Pleistocene epoch
precededBy	Sangamon interglacial ⓘ linked to: Wisconsin glaciation
resultedIn	ongoing postglacial isostatic rebound ⓘ
seaLevelChangeAtMaximum	global sea level about 120 meters lower than present ⓘ
southernIceMarginApproximate	Cape Cod ⓘ Long Island ⓘ Missouri River valley ⓘ linked to: Missouri River floodplain Nantucket ⓘ Ohio River valley ⓘ linked to: Ohio Valley region
startApproximate	about 75,000 years ago ⓘ

How these facts were elicited