John M. Harlan II
E58966
John M. Harlan II was a prominent mid-20th-century U.S. Supreme Court Justice known for his influential opinions on civil rights, due process, and a restrained, precedent-focused approach to constitutional interpretation.
All labels observed (8)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| John M. Harlan II canonical | 44 |
| John Marshall Harlan II | 17 |
| Justice John M. Harlan II | 8 |
| Justice John Marshall Harlan II | 6 |
| John M. Harlan | 1 |
| John M. Harlan II (in part) | 1 |
| John Marshall Harlan | 1 |
| Justice Harlan | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T204763 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: John M. Harlan II Context triple: [Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, justiceInMajority, John M. Harlan II]
-
A.
Byron R. White
Byron R. White was a U.S. Supreme Court Justice known for his generally moderate-to-conservative jurisprudence and influential opinions across criminal procedure, civil rights, and federalism.
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B.
Antonin Scalia
Antonin Scalia was a prominent conservative U.S. Supreme Court Justice known for his originalist and textualist approach to constitutional interpretation.
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C.
David H. Souter
David H. Souter is a retired Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, known for his moderate to liberal jurisprudence and independence from the conservative expectations of the president who appointed him.
-
D.
Lewis F. Powell Jr.
Lewis F. Powell Jr. was an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1972–1987) known as a pivotal moderate whose swing votes shaped landmark decisions on issues such as abortion, affirmative action, and the death penalty.
-
E.
John Marshall Harlan
John Marshall Harlan was a U.S. Supreme Court justice best known for his powerful lone dissents in civil rights cases, particularly his opposition to racial segregation in Plessy v. Ferguson.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: John M. Harlan II Target entity description: John M. Harlan II was a prominent mid-20th-century U.S. Supreme Court Justice known for his influential opinions on civil rights, due process, and a restrained, precedent-focused approach to constitutional interpretation.
-
A.
Byron R. White
Byron R. White was a U.S. Supreme Court Justice known for his generally moderate-to-conservative jurisprudence and influential opinions across criminal procedure, civil rights, and federalism.
-
B.
Antonin Scalia
Antonin Scalia was a prominent conservative U.S. Supreme Court Justice known for his originalist and textualist approach to constitutional interpretation.
-
C.
David H. Souter
David H. Souter is a retired Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, known for his moderate to liberal jurisprudence and independence from the conservative expectations of the president who appointed him.
-
D.
Lewis F. Powell Jr.
Lewis F. Powell Jr. was an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1972–1987) known as a pivotal moderate whose swing votes shaped landmark decisions on issues such as abortion, affirmative action, and the death penalty.
-
E.
John Marshall Harlan
John Marshall Harlan was a U.S. Supreme Court justice best known for his powerful lone dissents in civil rights cases, particularly his opposition to racial segregation in Plessy v. Ferguson.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
ⓘ
human ⓘ judge ⓘ lawyer ⓘ legal scholar ⓘ |
| appointedBy | Dwight D. Eisenhower ⓘ |
| birthDate | 1899-05-20 ⓘ |
| birthPlace | Chicago, Illinois, United States ⓘ |
| confirmationDate | 1955-03-16 ⓘ |
| conflictParticipatedIn | World War II ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | United States of America ⓘ |
| deathDate | 1971-12-29 ⓘ |
| deathPlace |
Washington, D.C., United States
ⓘ
linked to:
Washington, D.C.
|
| educatedAt |
Balliol College, Oxford
ⓘ
New York Law School ⓘ Princeton University ⓘ |
| endTime | 1971-09-23 ⓘ |
| familyName | Harlan ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
civil rights law
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ due process jurisprudence ⓘ |
| fullName |
John Marshall Harlan II
ⓘ
linked to:
John M. Harlan II
|
| givenName | John ⓘ |
| ideology |
judicial conservatism
ⓘ
selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights ⓘ |
| knownFor |
emphasis on precedent and stare decisis
ⓘ
influential concurring and dissenting opinions ⓘ judicial restraint ⓘ |
| memberOf |
Republican Party (United States)
ⓘ
linked to:
Republican Party
Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| militaryService | United States Army Air Forces ⓘ |
| nominationDate | 1954-01-13 ⓘ |
| notableFor |
articulation of a broad concept of liberty under the Due Process Clause
ⓘ
mid-20th-century Supreme Court jurisprudence on civil rights ⓘ |
| notableWork |
concurring opinion in Poe v. Ullman
ⓘ
dissenting opinion in Plessy-related segregation cases reconsideration ⓘ opinions elaborating the concept of substantive due process ⓘ |
| occupation |
judge
ⓘ
law professor ⓘ lawyer ⓘ |
| placeOfBurial | Rock Creek Cemetery ⓘ |
| positionHeld |
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
ⓘ
linked to:
Associate Justices of the Supreme Court
|
| reasonForEndOfOffice | retirement ⓘ |
| relative | John Marshall Harlan ⓘ |
| relativeType | grandson of John Marshall Harlan ⓘ |
| religion | Presbyterianism ⓘ |
| spouse | Ethel Andrews Harlan ⓘ |
| tookOffice | 1955-03-28 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: John M. Harlan II Description of subject: John M. Harlan II was a prominent mid-20th-century U.S. Supreme Court Justice known for his influential opinions on civil rights, due process, and a restrained, precedent-focused approach to constitutional interpretation.
Referenced by (79)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II
linked to: John M. Harlan II