Cooper v. Aaron
E32807
Cooper v. Aaron is a landmark 1958 U.S. Supreme Court decision affirming the supremacy of federal law and the Court’s authority by ruling that states are bound to enforce desegregation under Brown v. Board of Education.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Cooper v. Aaron canonical | 5 |
| William G. Cooper et al. v. Aaron et al. | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T252693 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cooper v. Aaron Context triple: [NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, notableCase, Cooper v. Aaron]
-
A.
Briggs v. Elliott
Briggs v. Elliott was a landmark federal court case from South Carolina challenging racial segregation in public schools, and it became one of the key cases consolidated into Brown v. Board of Education.
-
B.
Bolling v. Sharpe
Bolling v. Sharpe is a 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that held racial segregation in Washington, D.C. public schools unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
-
C.
Corfield v. Coryell
Corfield v. Coryell is an 1823 federal circuit court decision by Justice Bushrod Washington that famously articulated an influential early list of the fundamental rights protected by the U.S. Constitution’s Privileges and Immunities Clause.
-
D.
Katzenbach v. McClung
Katzenbach v. McClung is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s power to prohibit racial discrimination in local restaurants under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
-
E.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cooper v. Aaron Target entity description: Cooper v. Aaron is a landmark 1958 U.S. Supreme Court decision affirming the supremacy of federal law and the Court’s authority by ruling that states are bound to enforce desegregation under Brown v. Board of Education.
-
A.
Briggs v. Elliott
Briggs v. Elliott was a landmark federal court case from South Carolina challenging racial segregation in public schools, and it became one of the key cases consolidated into Brown v. Board of Education.
-
B.
Bolling v. Sharpe
Bolling v. Sharpe is a 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that held racial segregation in Washington, D.C. public schools unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
-
C.
Corfield v. Coryell
Corfield v. Coryell is an 1823 federal circuit court decision by Justice Bushrod Washington that famously articulated an influential early list of the fundamental rights protected by the U.S. Constitution’s Privileges and Immunities Clause.
-
D.
Katzenbach v. McClung
Katzenbach v. McClung is a 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the federal government’s power to prohibit racial discrimination in local restaurants under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
-
E.
Chiafalo v. Washington
Chiafalo v. Washington is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously upheld states’ authority to penalize or replace “faithless electors” who do not vote in line with their state’s popular vote in presidential elections.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (52)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
constitutional law case ⓘ landmark decision ⓘ |
| arguedDate |
1958-08-28
ⓘ
1958-08-29 ⓘ |
| chiefJusticeAtDecision | Earl Warren ⓘ |
| citation | 358 U.S. 1 ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvision |
Article VI of the United States Constitution
ⓘ
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ
linked to:
Fourteenth Amendment
Supremacy Clause ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1958-09-12 ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 1 ⓘ |
| fullCaseName |
William G. Cooper et al. v. Aaron et al.
ⓘ
linked to:
Cooper v. Aaron
|
| holding |
State attempts to delay desegregation for public hostility are unconstitutional
ⓘ
State officials may not resist or nullify desegregation orders based on Brown v. Board of Education ⓘ States are bound by the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Constitution ⓘ The Supremacy Clause makes the Constitution and federal court decisions binding on the states ⓘ |
| impact |
Reinforced that state resistance to Supreme Court decisions is unconstitutional
ⓘ
Strengthened enforcement of school desegregation across the United States ⓘ |
| issue | Whether Arkansas officials could delay or avoid implementing school desegregation ordered under Brown v. Board of Education ⓘ |
| justiceJoiningOpinion |
Charles E. Whittaker
ⓘ
Earl Warren ⓘ Felix Frankfurter ⓘ Harold H. Burton ⓘ Hugo L. Black ⓘ John M. Harlan II ⓘ Tom C. Clark ⓘ William J. Brennan Jr. ⓘ William O. Douglas ⓘ |
| legalSubject |
desegregation
ⓘ
equal protection ⓘ federal supremacy ⓘ judicial review ⓘ |
| locationOfEvents | Little Rock, Arkansas ⓘ |
| opinionType | per curiam opinion ⓘ |
| pageInUnitedStatesReports | 1 ⓘ |
| party |
Arkansas state officials
ⓘ
Governor of Arkansas ⓘ Little Rock School Board ⓘ
linked to:
Little Rock School District
|
| principleAffirmed |
binding nature of Supreme Court precedent on state officials
ⓘ
judicial supremacy in constitutional interpretation ⓘ supremacy of federal law over conflicting state action ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
Brown v. Board of Education
ⓘ
Brown v. Board of Education II ⓘ
linked to:
Brown v. Board of Education
|
| relatedEvent |
Little Rock school desegregation crisis
ⓘ
linked to:
Little Rock Integration Crisis
|
| result | Arkansas school board’s attempt to postpone desegregation was rejected ⓘ |
| stateInvolved | Arkansas ⓘ |
| unanimousDecision | true ⓘ |
| volumeInUnitedStatesReports | 358 ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 1958 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Cooper v. Aaron Description of subject: Cooper v. Aaron is a landmark 1958 U.S. Supreme Court decision affirming the supremacy of federal law and the Court’s authority by ruling that states are bound to enforce desegregation under Brown v. Board of Education.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund represented plaintiffs
linked to: Cooper v. Aaron