Pliocene epoch

E5179

The Pliocene epoch was a geological time period roughly 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago marked by cooler global climates, the expansion of grasslands, and significant evolutionary developments among mammals and early hominins.

AI illustration

How this image was made

AI-generated illustration of Pliocene epoch

This AI-generated illustration was produced by black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-dev (1024x1024) from a prompt written by openai/gpt-oss-120b from the entity's label + description.

Prompt

Generate an image of the Pliocene epoch (The Pliocene epoch was a geological time period roughly 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago marked by cooler global climates, the expansion of grasslands, and significant evolutionary developments among mammals and early hominins.)

All labels observed (10)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (47)

Predicate Object
instanceOf chronostratigraphic unit ⓘ
geological epoch ⓘ
associatedWith evolution of Australopithecus in Africa ⓘ
spread of savanna habitats in Africa ⓘ
atmosphericCO2Level higher than pre-industrial Holocene levels ⓘ
biogeographicEvent Great American Biotic Interchange between North and South America ⓘ
boundaryDefinedBy base of marine isotope stage 103 at lower boundary ⓘ
first appearance of the planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia margaritae at base ⓘ
chronologyStandardizedBy International Commission on Stratigraphy ⓘ
climateCharacteristic generally warmer than present day early in epoch ⓘ
increasing high-latitude glaciation toward end ⓘ
overall global cooling trend ⓘ
contains Piacenzian age ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch

Zanclean age ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
duration about 2.75 million years ⓘ
endTime about 2.58 million years ago ⓘ
faunalCharacteristic diversification of grazing mammals ⓘ
modern-type mammal faunas becoming established ⓘ
significant evolution of early hominins ⓘ
followedBy Pleistocene epoch ⓘ
follows Miocene epoch ⓘ
geologicTimeScaleRank epoch ⓘ
glaciationCharacteristic expansion of Antarctic ice sheet ⓘ
onset of significant Northern Hemisphere ice sheets near end ⓘ
marineLifeCharacteristic diversification of marine mammals such as seals and whales ⓘ
modern-style marine ecosystems largely established ⓘ
namedBy Charles Lyell ⓘ
nameMeaning more recent (from Greek pleion and kainos) ⓘ
paleoclimateSignificance used as partial analog for future warm climates with higher CO2 ⓘ
paleogeographyCharacteristic continued closure of Central American Seaway ⓘ
near-complete formation of Isthmus of Panama ⓘ
strengthening of Gulf Stream circulation ⓘ
partOf Neogene period ⓘ
linked to: Cenozoic
positionInTimeScale second and last epoch of the Neogene period ⓘ
precedes Quaternary period ⓘ
seaLevelCharacteristic falling sea levels toward end of epoch ⓘ
higher global sea levels than today in early Pliocene ⓘ
startTime about 5.333 million years ago ⓘ
subdivisionOf Cenozoic era ⓘ
linked to: Cenozoic

Phanerozoic eon ⓘ
linked to: Phanerozoic Eon
tectonicActivityCharacteristic continued uplift of the Andes ⓘ
continued uplift of the East African Rift system ⓘ
continued uplift of the Himalayas ⓘ
upperBoundaryDefinedBy base of marine isotope stage 103 of Pleistocene (Gelasian) in modern timescale alignment ⓘ
onset of widespread Northern Hemisphere glaciation ⓘ
vegetationCharacteristic contraction of tropical forests in many regions ⓘ
expansion of grasslands ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (50)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Isthmus of Panama → formedDuring → Pliocene epoch ⓘ
Pliocene epoch → contains → Zanclean age ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Pliocene epoch → contains → Piacenzian age ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Cenozoic → contains → Pliocene Epoch ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Cradle of Humankind → geologicalAge → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Neogene → contains → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Neogene → subdividedInto → Early Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Neogene → subdividedInto → Late Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
High Cascades → geologicPeriodOfMajorActivity → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Walking with Beasts → setInPeriod → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Australopithecus africanus → livedDuring → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Kauaʻi shield volcano → hasAge → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Black Mesa → geologicalAge → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Belridge Oil Field → geologicAge → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Kern River Oil Field → geologicAge → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Gauss–Matuyama geomagnetic reversal → marksBoundaryBetween → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Gauss–Matuyama geomagnetic reversal → usedToDefine → Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
GABI → tookPlaceDuring → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Miocene → precedes → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Monts Dore volcanic field → geologicalAge → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Lothagam → hasGeologicalAge → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Acinonyx → hasFossilRecord → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Central American transition zone → hasTemporalOrigin → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
South African karst fossil localities → geologicalAgeRange → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Taung Child → geologicalEpoch → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Kromdraai area → geologicalAge → Plio-Pleistocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Etchegoin Formation → geologicAge → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Kolubara coal basin → geologicalPeriodOfFormation → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Thylacoleonidae → timeRange → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Borophaginae → geologicTimeLastAppearance → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Diprotodontidae → geologicTimeRange → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Monts du Cantal → age → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
The Naze headland → geologicalPeriodExposed → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Tahiti volcanic massif → geologicalAge → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Gigantopithecus → fossilRange → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
North America to South America → timePeriod → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Zabriskie Point badlands → geologicalAge → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Paranthropus → temporalRange → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Peace River (Florida) → geologicalPeriodFossils → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Canis senezensis → geologicalEpoch → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Tertiary System → historicallyIncluded → Pliocene Series ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
AL 288-1 → geologicalAge → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
AL 288-1 → geologicalEpoch → Pliocene ⓘ
subject linked to: AL 288-1 fossil remains
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Djurab Desert → geologicalPeriodRepresented → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Pannonian Sea → existedDuring → Pliocene epoch ⓘ
Roccamonfina volcano → formationPeriod → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Red Rock Canyon State Park, California → geologicEra → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Eastern Anatolian volcanic province → geologicalPeriod → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch
Mount Blanco Formation → geologicPeriod → Pliocene ⓘ
linked to: Pliocene epoch