Miocene
E266392
The Miocene is a geologic epoch of the Neogene Period characterized by significant global cooling, expansion of grasslands, and diversification of mammals and early apes.
All labels observed (6)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Miocene canonical | 56 |
| Miocene epoch | 11 |
| Miocene Epoch | 5 |
| Miocene Series | 2 |
| Miocene (approximate) | 1 |
| Miocene (fossil record) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2403572 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Miocene Context triple: [Neogene, contains, Miocene]
-
A.
Pliocene epoch
The Pliocene epoch was a geological time period roughly 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago marked by cooler global climates, the expansion of grasslands, and significant evolutionary developments among mammals and early hominins.
-
B.
Neogene
The Neogene is a geologic period of the Cenozoic Era characterized by significant climatic cooling, the diversification of mammals and birds, and the emergence and evolution of early hominins.
-
C.
Paleogene
The Paleogene is a geologic period that marks the beginning of the Cenozoic Era, characterized by the diversification of mammals and birds following the mass extinction that ended the age of dinosaurs.
-
D.
Middle Miocene
The Middle Miocene is a subdivision of the Miocene Epoch characterized by significant global climatic shifts, including a major warming phase followed by cooling, and important stages in mammalian evolution and marine biodiversity.
-
E.
Oligocene Epoch
The Oligocene Epoch was a geologic time interval roughly 34 to 23 million years ago marked by global cooling, the expansion of grasslands, and significant evolution and diversification of mammals.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Miocene Target entity description: The Miocene is a geologic epoch of the Neogene Period characterized by significant global cooling, expansion of grasslands, and diversification of mammals and early apes.
-
A.
Pliocene epoch
The Pliocene epoch was a geological time period roughly 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago marked by cooler global climates, the expansion of grasslands, and significant evolutionary developments among mammals and early hominins.
-
B.
Neogene
The Neogene is a geologic period of the Cenozoic Era characterized by significant climatic cooling, the diversification of mammals and birds, and the emergence and evolution of early hominins.
-
C.
Paleogene
The Paleogene is a geologic period that marks the beginning of the Cenozoic Era, characterized by the diversification of mammals and birds following the mass extinction that ended the age of dinosaurs.
-
D.
Middle Miocene
The Middle Miocene is a subdivision of the Miocene Epoch characterized by significant global climatic shifts, including a major warming phase followed by cooling, and important stages in mammalian evolution and marine biodiversity.
-
E.
Oligocene Epoch
The Oligocene Epoch was a geologic time interval roughly 34 to 23 million years ago marked by global cooling, the expansion of grasslands, and significant evolution and diversification of mammals.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | geologic epoch ⓘ |
| biosphere |
decline of some forest-dependent taxa
ⓘ
expansion of C4 grasslands in low latitudes ⓘ spread of open woodland and savanna habitats ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
development of modern-type ecosystems
ⓘ
diversification of mammals ⓘ expansion of grasslands ⓘ global cooling trend ⓘ radiation of early apes ⓘ |
| climate |
generally cooler than Oligocene
ⓘ
increasing aridity in many continental interiors ⓘ |
| contains |
Aquitanian
ⓘ
Burdigalian ⓘ Langhian ⓘ Messinian ⓘ Serravallian ⓘ Tortonian ⓘ |
| definedBy | International Commission on Stratigraphy ⓘ |
| duration | about 17.7 million years ⓘ |
| end | approximately 5.333 million years ago ⓘ |
| fauna |
diversification of bovids
ⓘ
diversification of carnivorans ⓘ diversification of deer ⓘ diversification of horses ⓘ diversification of proboscideans ⓘ radiation of hominoid apes ⓘ |
| flora |
decline of some tropical forest biomes
ⓘ
spread of grasses adapted to cooler and drier climates ⓘ |
| follows |
Oligocene
ⓘ
linked to:
Oligocene Epoch
|
| notableEvent |
Messinian Salinity Crisis in the Mediterranean
ⓘ
linked to:
Messinian Salinity Crisis (late Miocene)
|
| oceanography |
cooling of deep ocean waters
ⓘ
strengthening of Antarctic Circumpolar Current ⓘ |
| paleoclimate |
growth and persistence of Antarctic ice sheets
ⓘ
onset of more pronounced Northern Hemisphere cooling ⓘ |
| paleogeography |
continued narrowing of the Tethys Ocean remnants
ⓘ
near-modern configuration of continents ⓘ |
| partOf |
Neogene Period
ⓘ
linked to:
Neogene
|
| precedes |
Pliocene
ⓘ
linked to:
Pliocene epoch
|
| seaLevel | fluctuating but generally lower than earlier Cenozoic highs ⓘ |
| start | approximately 23.03 million years ago ⓘ |
| stratotypeRegion |
Aquitaine Basin, France
ⓘ
linked to:
Aquitaine Basin
|
| subdivisionOf |
Cenozoic Era
ⓘ
linked to:
Cenozoic
Phanerozoic Eon ⓘ |
| tectonics |
continued uplift of the Alps
ⓘ
continued uplift of the Himalayas ⓘ intense volcanism and mountain building in the Andes ⓘ opening and modification of ocean gateways ⓘ |
| usedIn | International Chronostratigraphic Chart ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Miocene Description of subject: The Miocene is a geologic epoch of the Neogene Period characterized by significant global cooling, expansion of grasslands, and diversification of mammals and early apes.
Referenced by (76)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Miocene
linked to: Miocene
subject linked to:
Microbiotheria (fossil eutherians sometimes historically misassigned)
linked to: Miocene
linked to: Miocene
subject linked to:
Lemme-Carrosio section, Italy (Miocene GSSP)
subject linked to:
Lemme-Carrosio section, Italy (Miocene GSSP)
linked to: Miocene
linked to: Miocene
linked to: Miocene
linked to: Miocene
linked to: Miocene
linked to: Miocene