Parkinson's disease
E44560
central nervous system disorder
chronic disease
movement disorder
neurodegenerative disease
progressive disease
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and slowed movement, caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
All labels observed (9)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Parkinson's disease canonical | 41 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 11 |
| Parkinson disease | 4 |
| Parkinson | 1 |
| Parkinson disease dementia | 1 |
| ParkinsonsDisease | 1 |
| Parkinson’s disease (publicly disclosed) | 1 |
| early-onset Parkinson's disease | 1 |
| post-encephalitic Parkinsonism | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T351607 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Parkinson's disease Context triple: [Andrew S. Grove, causeOfDeath, Parkinson's disease]
-
A.
ALS
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and ultimately respiratory failure.
-
B.
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes, and is the most common cause of dementia in older adults.
-
C.
MCI-Shirley
MCI-Shirley is a medium- and minimum-security state prison for men located in Shirley, Massachusetts.
-
D.
spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord.
-
E.
Graves
Graves is a renowned wine-producing subregion on the left bank of Bordeaux, France, famous for its gravelly soils and high-quality red and white wines.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Parkinson's disease Target entity description: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and slowed movement, caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
-
A.
ALS
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and ultimately respiratory failure.
-
B.
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes, and is the most common cause of dementia in older adults.
-
C.
MCI-Shirley
MCI-Shirley is a medium- and minimum-security state prison for men located in Shirley, Massachusetts.
-
D.
spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord.
-
E.
Graves
Graves is a renowned wine-producing subregion on the left bank of Bordeaux, France, famous for its gravelly soils and high-quality red and white wines.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (76)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
central nervous system disorder
ⓘ
chronic disease ⓘ movement disorder ⓘ neurodegenerative disease ⓘ progressive disease ⓘ |
| affectsAnatomicalStructure |
basal ganglia
ⓘ
nigrostriatal pathway ⓘ substantia nigra ⓘ |
| hasBiomarker |
Lewy bodies
ⓘ
alpha-synuclein aggregates ⓘ |
| hasCause |
dopamine deficiency in the striatum
ⓘ
loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta ⓘ |
| hasComplication |
aspiration pneumonia
ⓘ
disability ⓘ falls ⓘ fractures ⓘ |
| hasCourse | gradually progressive ⓘ |
| hasDiagnosticMethod |
clinical examination
ⓘ
response to dopaminergic therapy ⓘ |
| hasDiagnosticSupport | DaTscan imaging ⓘ |
| hasEpidemiology |
more common in older adults
ⓘ
second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease ⓘ |
| hasGeneticAssociation |
DJ-1 gene mutations
ⓘ
LRRK2 gene mutations ⓘ PARK2 (parkin) gene mutations ⓘ PINK1 gene mutations ⓘ SNCA gene mutations ⓘ |
| hasHistoricalName | paralysis agitans ⓘ |
| hasOnset | typically after age 60 ⓘ |
| hasPreclinicalFeature |
REM sleep behavior disorder
ⓘ
constipation ⓘ hyposmia ⓘ |
| hasRiskFactor |
advanced age
ⓘ
exposure to pesticides ⓘ family history of Parkinson's disease ⓘ male sex ⓘ rural living ⓘ |
| hasSubtype |
early-onset Parkinson's disease
ⓘ
linked to:
Parkinson's disease
juvenile Parkinsonism ⓘ |
| hasSymptom |
REM sleep behavior disorder
ⓘ
anosmia ⓘ anxiety ⓘ autonomic dysfunction ⓘ bradykinesia ⓘ cognitive impairment ⓘ constipation ⓘ dementia ⓘ depression ⓘ drooling ⓘ dysphagia ⓘ fatigue ⓘ freezing of gait ⓘ hypophonia ⓘ masked facies ⓘ micrographia ⓘ orthostatic hypotension ⓘ postural instability ⓘ resting tremor ⓘ rigidity ⓘ shuffling gait ⓘ sleep disturbances ⓘ stooped posture ⓘ urinary dysfunction ⓘ |
| hasTreatment |
COMT inhibitors
ⓘ
MAO-B inhibitors ⓘ amantadine ⓘ anticholinergic drugs ⓘ carbidopa-levodopa combination ⓘ deep brain stimulation ⓘ dopamine agonists ⓘ levodopa ⓘ occupational therapy ⓘ physical therapy ⓘ speech therapy ⓘ |
| isPartOf | parkinsonian syndromes ⓘ |
| namedAfter | James Parkinson ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Parkinson's disease Description of subject: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and slowed movement, caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
Referenced by (62)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
subject linked to:
Robert Stevenson (film director)
subject linked to:
John
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease
linked to: Parkinson's disease