Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

E23846

amendment to the United States Constitution constitutional amendment

The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures by the government, requiring warrants to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause.

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All labels observed (10)

Label	Occurrences
Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution canonical	51
Fourth Amendment	17
Fourth Amendment rights	2
U.S. Const. amend. IV	2
Amendment IV	1
Fourth Amendment search and seizure	1
Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution	1
Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution (search and seizure principles)	1
Fourth Amendment violations	1
The Fourth Amendment was interpreted to protect material things, not conversations	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T187112 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Context triple: [Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, relatedTo, Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution]

A. Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution is a provision in the Bill of Rights that affirms the existence of fundamental rights retained by the people that are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.
B. Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is a provision in the Bill of Rights that reserves to the states or the people all powers not delegated to the federal government, serving as a key foundation for American federalism and states’ rights.
C. Fourteenth Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment is a key post–Civil War addition to the U.S. Constitution that guarantees citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law, forming the foundation of many modern civil rights protections.
D. First Amendment to the United States Constitution
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is a foundational provision in the Bill of Rights that protects freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition from government interference.
E. Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution is a 1795 amendment that limits the ability of individuals to bring suits against states in federal court, reinforcing the principle of state sovereign immunity.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Target entity description: The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures by the government, requiring warrants to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause.

A. Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution is a provision in the Bill of Rights that affirms the existence of fundamental rights retained by the people that are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.
B. Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is a provision in the Bill of Rights that reserves to the states or the people all powers not delegated to the federal government, serving as a key foundation for American federalism and states’ rights.
C. Fourteenth Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment is a key post–Civil War addition to the U.S. Constitution that guarantees citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law, forming the foundation of many modern civil rights protections.
D. First Amendment to the United States Constitution
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is a foundational provision in the Bill of Rights that protects freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition from government interference.
E. Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution is a 1795 amendment that limits the ability of individuals to bring suits against states in federal court, reinforcing the principle of state sovereign immunity.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (50)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ constitutional amendment ⓘ
adoptedOn	1791-12-15 ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Amendment IV ⓘ linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
amendmentNumber	4 ⓘ
appliesTo	federal government of the United States ⓘ linked to: United States government state governments through the Fourteenth Amendment ⓘ
authoredBy	James Madison ⓘ
country	United States of America ⓘ
definesConcept	reasonable expectation of privacy ⓘ
enforcedBy	exclusionary rule ⓘ fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine ⓘ
exceptionToWarrantRequirement	automobile exception ⓘ consent search ⓘ exigent circumstances doctrine ⓘ plain view doctrine ⓘ search incident to lawful arrest ⓘ stop and frisk under reasonable suspicion ⓘ
hasLanguage	English ⓘ
influencedBy	English common law ⓘ linked to: English law opposition to general warrants ⓘ opposition to writs of assistance ⓘ
interpretedBy	Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ
jurisdiction	United States federal and state courts ⓘ linked to: federal judiciary of the United States
landmarkCase	Carpenter v. United States ⓘ Illinois v. Gates ⓘ Katz v. United States ⓘ Mapp v. Ohio ⓘ Terry v. Ohio ⓘ United States v. Leon ⓘ
legalStandard	probable cause ⓘ
limits	government surveillance ⓘ police search powers ⓘ
locationInDocument	Article: Amendments, Section: Bill of Rights ⓘ linked to: Bill of Rights
mainConcept	privacy rights ⓘ search and seizure law ⓘ warrant requirement ⓘ
partOf	United States Bill of Rights ⓘ linked to: Bill of Rights United States Constitution ⓘ
proposedBy	First United States Congress ⓘ
proposedOn	1789-09-25 ⓘ
protectsRight	freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures ⓘ right to be secure in persons, houses, papers, and effects ⓘ
ratifiedOn	1791-12-15 ⓘ
requires	warrants to be issued upon oath or affirmation ⓘ warrants to be supported by probable cause ⓘ warrants to particularly describe the persons or things to be seized ⓘ warrants to particularly describe the place to be searched ⓘ
shortName	Fourth Amendment ⓘ linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution
textBeginsWith	"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects" ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (78)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act → relatedTo → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Bill of Rights → containsAmendment → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Mapp v. Ohio → constitutionalProvision → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

First United States Congress → proposedAmendment → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Virginia Declaration of Rights → influenced → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution → shortName → Fourth Amendment ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution → alsoKnownAs → Amendment IV ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

United States constitutional amendments → includes → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution → ratifiedWith → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

subject linked to: U.S. Constitution, Sixth Amendment

Third Amendment to the United States Constitution → precedes → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 → influencedBy → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Griswold v. Connecticut → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Weeks v. United States → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Wolf v. Colorado → legalIssue → Fourth Amendment ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Wolf v. Colorado → constitutionalProvision → U.S. Const. amend. IV ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

In Our Defense: The Bill of Rights in Action → focusesOn → Fourth Amendment rights ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Terry v. Ohio → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Illinois v. Gates → constitutionalProvision → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Katz v. United States → legalIssue → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Katz v. United States → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

United States v. Leon → legalSubject → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Clapper v. Amnesty International USA → legalSubject → Fourth Amendment ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Rule 4 → relatedTo → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Rule 41 → basedOn → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution (search and seizure principles) ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

United States national security law → constrainedBy → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Carpenter v. United States → legalIssue → Fourth Amendment ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Carpenter v. United States → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Olmstead v. United States dissent → relatedToAmendment → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Utah v. Strieff → legalIssue → Fourth Amendment ⓘ

subject linked to: Utah v. Strieff (dissent on Fourth Amendment rights)

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Utah v. Strieff → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

subject linked to: Utah v. Strieff (dissent on Fourth Amendment rights)

Wiretap Act → influencedBy → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Gelbard v. United States → relatedTo → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

United States v. Warshak → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Maryland v. King → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Florida v. Jardines → hasConstitutionalProvision → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Missouri v. McNeely → legalIssue → Fourth Amendment ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Missouri v. McNeely → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → U.S. Const. amend. IV ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Weeks v. United States → legalIssue → Fourth Amendment ⓘ

subject linked to: Weeks

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Weeks v. United States → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

subject linked to: Weeks

Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Payton v. New York → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Fremont Weeks → relatedTo → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Bivens doctrine → concerns → Fourth Amendment violations ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Julius A. Wolf → constitutionalIssue → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Illinois v. Wardlow → legalIssue → Fourth Amendment ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Illinois v. Wardlow → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

Minnesota v. Dickerson → legalIssue → Fourth Amendment ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Minnesota v. Dickerson → constitutionalProvisionInterpreted → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

United States v. Sokolow → legalIssue → Fourth Amendment ⓘ

linked to: Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

United States v. Sokolow → constitutionalProvision → Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ

All labels observed (10)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (50)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (78)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited