Illinois v. Wardlow
E522185
Illinois v. Wardlow is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held an individual's unprovoked flight in a high-crime area can contribute to reasonable suspicion justifying a stop under the Fourth Amendment.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Illinois v. Wardlow canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5478389 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Illinois v. Wardlow Context triple: [Terry v. Ohio, subsequentCitationBy, Illinois v. Wardlow]
-
A.
Escobedo v. Illinois
Escobedo v. Illinois is a landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that expanded the Sixth Amendment right to counsel during police interrogations and helped lay the groundwork for the later Miranda warnings.
-
B.
Illinois v. Gates
Illinois v. Gates is a 1983 U.S. Supreme Court decision that established the "totality of the circumstances" test for determining whether an informant’s tip provides probable cause for issuing a search warrant.
-
C.
Moore v. Illinois
Moore v. Illinois is a United States Supreme Court decision addressing constitutional criminal procedure issues, particularly concerning the rights of defendants in state prosecutions.
-
D.
Maryland v. Wirtz
Maryland v. Wirtz was a 1968 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the extension of federal minimum wage and overtime provisions to employees of state-operated schools and hospitals under the Fair Labor Standards Act.
-
E.
Florida v. Jardines
Florida v. Jardines is a 2013 U.S. Supreme Court case that held using a drug-sniffing dog on a homeowner’s porch constitutes a search under the Fourth Amendment, requiring a warrant.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Illinois v. Wardlow Target entity description: Illinois v. Wardlow is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held an individual's unprovoked flight in a high-crime area can contribute to reasonable suspicion justifying a stop under the Fourth Amendment.
-
A.
Escobedo v. Illinois
Escobedo v. Illinois is a landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that expanded the Sixth Amendment right to counsel during police interrogations and helped lay the groundwork for the later Miranda warnings.
-
B.
Illinois v. Gates
Illinois v. Gates is a 1983 U.S. Supreme Court decision that established the "totality of the circumstances" test for determining whether an informant’s tip provides probable cause for issuing a search warrant.
-
C.
Moore v. Illinois
Moore v. Illinois is a United States Supreme Court decision addressing constitutional criminal procedure issues, particularly concerning the rights of defendants in state prosecutions.
-
D.
Maryland v. Wirtz
Maryland v. Wirtz was a 1968 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the extension of federal minimum wage and overtime provisions to employees of state-operated schools and hospitals under the Fair Labor Standards Act.
-
E.
Florida v. Jardines
Florida v. Jardines is a 2013 U.S. Supreme Court case that held using a drug-sniffing dog on a homeowner’s porch constitutes a search under the Fourth Amendment, requiring a warrant.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
criminal procedure case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
United States constitutional law
ⓘ
criminal procedure in the United States ⓘ |
| arguedDate | November 2, 1999 ⓘ |
| citation | 528 U.S. 119 ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInterpreted | Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ |
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | January 12, 2000 ⓘ |
| dissentingOpinionBy |
Justice John Paul Stevens
ⓘ
linked to:
John Paul Stevens
|
| docketNumber | No. 98-1036 ⓘ |
| factPatternElement |
defendant fled upon seeing a caravan of police vehicles
ⓘ
officers discovered a handgun during the stop ⓘ officers pursued and stopped the defendant ⓘ |
| fullName | Illinois v. Wardlow ⓘ |
| geographicContext | high-crime area in Chicago, Illinois ⓘ |
| holding |
Presence in a high-crime area, combined with unprovoked flight, may create reasonable suspicion for an investigatory stop
ⓘ
Unprovoked flight upon noticing the police in a high-crime area can contribute to reasonable suspicion justifying a stop under the Fourth Amendment ⓘ |
| impact | expanded circumstances under which police may conduct Terry stops based on flight in high-crime areas ⓘ |
| joinedDissent |
Justice David H. Souter
ⓘ
linked to:
David H. Souter
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ
linked to:
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Justice Stephen G. Breyer in part ⓘ |
| joinedMajority |
Justice Anthony M. Kennedy
ⓘ
linked to:
Anthony M. Kennedy
Justice Antonin Scalia ⓘ
linked to:
Antonin Scalia
Justice Clarence Thomas ⓘ
linked to:
Clarence Thomas
Justice John Paul Stevens in part ⓘ Justice Sandra Day O'Connor ⓘ
linked to:
Sandra Day O’Connor
Justice Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ
linked to:
Stephen G. Breyer
|
| jurisdiction |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| legalIssue |
Fourth Amendment
ⓘ
Terry stop ⓘ reasonable suspicion ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy |
Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist
ⓘ
linked to:
William H. Rehnquist
|
| originatingCourt |
Illinois state courts
ⓘ
linked to:
Illinois state court system
|
| page | 119 ⓘ |
| petitioner |
State of Illinois
ⓘ
linked to:
Illinois
|
| precedentialStatus | binding precedent on federal and state courts regarding reasonable suspicion ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
California v. Hodari D.
ⓘ
Florida v. Royer ⓘ Terry v. Ohio ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| respondent | Sam Wardlow ⓘ |
| result | Judgment of the Illinois Appellate Court reversed ⓘ |
| standardApplied | reasonable suspicion standard under Terry v. Ohio ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
police investigatory stops
ⓘ
search and seizure ⓘ stop and frisk ⓘ |
| volume | 528 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Illinois v. Wardlow Description of subject: Illinois v. Wardlow is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held an individual's unprovoked flight in a high-crime area can contribute to reasonable suspicion justifying a stop under the Fourth Amendment.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.