G protein–coupled receptors
E874314
integral membrane protein
membrane receptor
protein family
signal transduction protein
transmembrane receptor
G protein–coupled receptors are a large family of membrane proteins that detect extracellular signals and activate intracellular G proteins to regulate diverse physiological processes.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| G protein–coupled receptors canonical | 10 |
| Class A rhodopsin‑like receptors | 1 |
| G protein-coupled receptors | 1 |
| GPCRs | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10610004 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: G protein–coupled receptors Context triple: [Gi protein, activatedBy, G protein–coupled receptors]
-
A.
Gi protein
Gi protein is a subtype of heterotrimeric G protein that inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity and modulates various intracellular signaling pathways when activated by G protein–coupled receptors.
-
B.
Molecules and Medicine
Molecules and Medicine is a book that explores the chemical structures, design, and mechanisms of important pharmaceutical drugs and their impact on human health.
-
C.
Science Signaling
Science Signaling is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on cellular signal transduction and related biological communication processes.
-
D.
CB2 receptor
The CB2 receptor is a cannabinoid receptor primarily expressed in immune and peripheral tissues, where it modulates inflammation and immune responses and serves as a key target of compounds like THC.
-
E.
CB1 receptor
The CB1 receptor is a G protein–coupled cannabinoid receptor in the brain and nervous system that mediates most of the psychoactive effects of cannabis.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: G protein–coupled receptors Target entity description: G protein–coupled receptors are a large family of membrane proteins that detect extracellular signals and activate intracellular G proteins to regulate diverse physiological processes.
-
A.
Gi protein
Gi protein is a subtype of heterotrimeric G protein that inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity and modulates various intracellular signaling pathways when activated by G protein–coupled receptors.
-
B.
Molecules and Medicine
Molecules and Medicine is a book that explores the chemical structures, design, and mechanisms of important pharmaceutical drugs and their impact on human health.
-
C.
Science Signaling
Science Signaling is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on cellular signal transduction and related biological communication processes.
-
D.
CB2 receptor
The CB2 receptor is a cannabinoid receptor primarily expressed in immune and peripheral tissues, where it modulates inflammation and immune responses and serves as a key target of compounds like THC.
-
E.
CB1 receptor
The CB1 receptor is a G protein–coupled cannabinoid receptor in the brain and nervous system that mediates most of the psychoactive effects of cannabis.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (87)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
integral membrane protein
ⓘ
membrane receptor ⓘ protein family ⓘ signal transduction protein ⓘ transmembrane receptor ⓘ |
| activates | heterotrimeric G proteins ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
7TM receptors
ⓘ
GPCRs ⓘ
linked to:
G protein–coupled receptors
seven‑transmembrane receptors ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
cancer
ⓘ
cardiovascular diseases ⓘ inflammatory diseases ⓘ metabolic disorders ⓘ neurological disorders ⓘ |
| binds | heterotrimeric G proteins ⓘ |
| detects |
extracellular ligands
ⓘ
hormones ⓘ light (in opsins) ⓘ lipid mediators ⓘ neurotransmitters ⓘ odorants ⓘ peptides ⓘ tastants ⓘ |
| downstreamEffect |
IP3 and DAG production
ⓘ
MAPK pathway activation ⓘ cAMP level modulation ⓘ intracellular Ca2+ mobilization ⓘ ion channel regulation ⓘ |
| encodedBy | GPCR genes ⓘ |
| evolutionaryOrigin | ancient protein family ⓘ |
| foundIn |
animals
ⓘ
fungi ⓘ humans ⓘ invertebrates ⓘ plants ⓘ vertebrates ⓘ |
| hasApproximateCountInHumans | around 800 genes ⓘ |
| hasExample |
angiotensin II receptor
ⓘ
chemokine receptor ⓘ dopamine receptor ⓘ glucagon receptor ⓘ histamine receptor ⓘ metabotropic glutamate receptor ⓘ muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ⓘ opioid receptor ⓘ rhodopsin ⓘ serotonin receptor ⓘ β‑adrenergic receptor ⓘ |
| hasStructuralFeature |
extracellular N‑terminus
ⓘ
extracellular loops ⓘ intracellular C‑terminus ⓘ intracellular loops ⓘ seven transmembrane α‑helices ⓘ |
| hasSubfamily |
Class A rhodopsin‑like receptors
ⓘ
linked to:
G protein–coupled receptors
Class B secretin‑like receptors ⓘ Class C glutamate receptors ⓘ Class F frizzled receptors ⓘ
linked to:
Frizzled receptor
adhesion GPCRs ⓘ frizzled/taste2 receptors ⓘ olfactory receptors ⓘ |
| isTargetOf |
angiotensin receptor blockers
ⓘ
antihistamines ⓘ antipsychotics ⓘ beta‑blockers ⓘ many therapeutic drugs ⓘ opioid drugs ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
cell membrane
ⓘ
plasma membrane ⓘ |
| participatesIn |
cardiovascular regulation
ⓘ
cell signaling ⓘ hormone signaling ⓘ immune regulation ⓘ metabolic regulation ⓘ neurotransmission ⓘ sensory perception ⓘ signal transduction ⓘ |
| regulatedBy |
phosphorylation
ⓘ
β‑arrestins ⓘ |
| signalThrough |
G12/13 proteins
ⓘ
Gi/o proteins ⓘ
linked to:
Gi protein
Gq/11 proteins ⓘ Gs proteins ⓘ |
| supervisedBy | International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology GPCR nomenclature committee ⓘ |
| undergoes |
desensitization
ⓘ
downregulation ⓘ internalization ⓘ recycling ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: G protein–coupled receptors Description of subject: G protein–coupled receptors are a large family of membrane proteins that detect extracellular signals and activate intracellular G proteins to regulate diverse physiological processes.
Referenced by (13)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: G protein–coupled receptors
linked to: G protein–coupled receptors
linked to: G protein–coupled receptors
subject linked to:
GNAI2 gene (for Gαi2 in humans)
subject linked to:
GNAI3 gene (for Gαi3 in humans)