Melatonin
E873099
Melatonin is a hormone produced primarily by the pineal gland that helps regulate the body’s circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Melatonin canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10582903 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Melatonin Context triple: [Sleep, regulatedBy, Melatonin]
-
A.
Natonin
Natonin is a remote, mountainous municipality in the Philippine province of Mountain Province, known for its indigenous communities and use of the Balangao language.
-
B.
Luzein
Luzein is a Swiss municipality in the canton of Graubünden, known for its alpine landscape and traditional rural character.
-
C.
Ambien
Ambien is a widely prescribed sedative-hypnotic medication (generic name zolpidem) used short-term to treat insomnia by helping people fall asleep more quickly.
-
D.
Equipoise
"Equipoise" is a jazz composition by the ensemble Don't Git Weary, noted for its modern, exploratory approach to improvisation and ensemble interplay.
-
E.
Serotonin
Serotonin is a 2010 indie rock album by the British band Mystery Jets, noted for its melodic songwriting and polished production.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Melatonin Target entity description: Melatonin is a hormone produced primarily by the pineal gland that helps regulate the body’s circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle.
-
A.
Natonin
Natonin is a remote, mountainous municipality in the Philippine province of Mountain Province, known for its indigenous communities and use of the Balangao language.
-
B.
Luzein
Luzein is a Swiss municipality in the canton of Graubünden, known for its alpine landscape and traditional rural character.
-
C.
Ambien
Ambien is a widely prescribed sedative-hypnotic medication (generic name zolpidem) used short-term to treat insomnia by helping people fall asleep more quickly.
-
D.
Equipoise
"Equipoise" is a jazz composition by the ensemble Don't Git Weary, noted for its modern, exploratory approach to improvisation and ensemble interplay.
-
E.
Serotonin
Serotonin is a 2010 indie rock album by the British band Mystery Jets, noted for its melodic songwriting and polished production.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
chronobiotic agent
ⓘ
hormone ⓘ indoleamine ⓘ |
| actsOnReceptor |
MT1 receptor
ⓘ
MT2 receptor ⓘ MT3 receptor (putative) ⓘ |
| bindsTo | G protein–coupled receptors ⓘ |
| chemicalFormula | C13H16N2O2 ⓘ |
| hasBiosyntheticEnzyme |
arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase
ⓘ
hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase ⓘ |
| hasFunction |
antioxidant activity
ⓘ
free radical scavenging ⓘ immunomodulatory effects ⓘ phase-shifting of circadian clock ⓘ sleep-promoting effect ⓘ |
| hasHalfLife | about 20–60 minutes in humans ⓘ |
| hasIUPACName | N-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide ⓘ |
| hasMainMetabolite | 6-sulfatoxymelatonin ⓘ |
| hasMolarMass | 232.278 g/mol ⓘ |
| hasPrecursor | serotonin ⓘ |
| hasRouteOfAdministration |
oral
ⓘ
sublingual ⓘ transdermal ⓘ |
| hasSecretionPattern |
higher at night
ⓘ
lower during daytime ⓘ |
| influences |
core body temperature
ⓘ
hormone secretion rhythms ⓘ |
| isAvailableAs | dietary supplement ⓘ |
| isDerivedFrom | tryptophan ⓘ |
| isExcretedVia | urine ⓘ |
| isInhibitedBy | light exposure ⓘ |
| isMetabolizedPrimarilyIn | liver ⓘ |
| isProducedBy |
bone marrow cells
ⓘ
gastrointestinal tract ⓘ lymphocytes ⓘ pineal gland ⓘ retina ⓘ |
| isRegulatedAs |
over-the-counter supplement in some countries
ⓘ
prescription drug in some countries ⓘ |
| isSecretedInto |
bloodstream
ⓘ
cerebrospinal fluid ⓘ |
| isStimulatedBy | darkness ⓘ |
| isSynthesizedVia | serotonin ⓘ |
| isUsedFor |
delayed sleep–wake phase disorder
ⓘ
insomnia management ⓘ jet lag ⓘ shift-work sleep disorder ⓘ |
| regulates |
circadian rhythm
ⓘ
sleep–wake cycle ⓘ |
| wasFirstIsolatedBy | Aaron B. Lerner ⓘ |
| wasFirstIsolatedIn | 1958 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Melatonin Description of subject: Melatonin is a hormone produced primarily by the pineal gland that helps regulate the body’s circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.