Islamic kalam

Target entity: Islamic kalam
Context triple: [Saadia Gaon, influencedBy, Islamic kalam]

• A. Islamic philosophy
  Islamic philosophy is the tradition of philosophical inquiry within the Islamic world that engages with metaphysics, ethics, theology, and logic, drawing on the Qur’an, Greek philosophy, and diverse intellectual currents such as Sufism, kalam, and falsafa.
• B. Sufism
  Sufism is the mystical and spiritual dimension of Islam that emphasizes inner purification, direct experience of the divine, and a path of love and devotion to God.
• C. Islam
  Islam is a major monotheistic Abrahamic religion centered on the belief in one God (Allah) and the prophethood of Muhammad, whose teachings are recorded in the Quran.
• D. Suhrawardiyya
  Suhrawardiyya is a major Sufi order originating in the Islamic world, known for its emphasis on spiritual discipline, ethical conduct, and organized missionary activity.
• E. Hadith literature
  Hadith literature is the body of traditional Islamic texts that record the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad, serving as a primary source for Islamic law, theology, and ethics.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Islamic kalam
Target entity description: Islamic kalam is a tradition of rational theological discourse in Islam that uses philosophical argumentation to clarify and defend Islamic beliefs.

• A. Islamic philosophy
  Islamic philosophy is the tradition of philosophical inquiry within the Islamic world that engages with metaphysics, ethics, theology, and logic, drawing on the Qur’an, Greek philosophy, and diverse intellectual currents such as Sufism, kalam, and falsafa.
• B. Sufism
  Sufism is the mystical and spiritual dimension of Islam that emphasizes inner purification, direct experience of the divine, and a path of love and devotion to God.
• C. Islam
  Islam is a major monotheistic Abrahamic religion centered on the belief in one God (Allah) and the prophethood of Muhammad, whose teachings are recorded in the Quran.
• D. Suhrawardiyya
  Suhrawardiyya is a major Sufi order originating in the Islamic world, known for its emphasis on spiritual discipline, ethical conduct, and organized missionary activity.
• E. Hadith literature
  Hadith literature is the body of traditional Islamic texts that record the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad, serving as a primary source for Islamic law, theology, and ethics.
• F. None of above. chosen