Arab–Byzantine wars

Target entity: Arab–Byzantine wars
Context triple: [Byzantine Empire, conflict, Arab–Byzantine wars]

• A. Byzantine–Ottoman wars
  The Byzantine–Ottoman wars were a series of protracted conflicts between the Byzantine Empire and the rising Ottoman Empire that culminated in the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the end of Byzantine rule.
• B. Roman–Persian Wars
  The Roman–Persian Wars were a centuries-long series of conflicts between the Roman (and later Byzantine) Empire and successive Iranian empires that shaped the political and military balance of power in the ancient Near East.
• C. Russo-Turkish Wars
  The Russo-Turkish Wars were a series of conflicts between the Russian and Ottoman Empires from the 17th to 19th centuries that reshaped control over Eastern Europe, the Balkans, and the Black Sea region.
• D. Long Turkish War
  The Long Turkish War was a protracted late 16th- to early 17th-century conflict between the Habsburg Monarchy (and its allies) and the Ottoman Empire, largely fought over control of territories in Central and Southeastern Europe.
• E. Vandalic War in North Africa
  The Vandalic War in North Africa was a 6th-century Byzantine campaign under Emperor Justinian I that reconquered the Vandal Kingdom and restored imperial control over key western Mediterranean territories.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Arab–Byzantine wars
Target entity description: The Arab–Byzantine wars were a series of protracted military conflicts between the early Islamic caliphates and the Byzantine Empire that shaped the political and religious landscape of the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East from the 7th to the 11th centuries.

• A. Byzantine–Ottoman wars
  The Byzantine–Ottoman wars were a series of protracted conflicts between the Byzantine Empire and the rising Ottoman Empire that culminated in the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the end of Byzantine rule.
• B. Roman–Persian Wars
  The Roman–Persian Wars were a centuries-long series of conflicts between the Roman (and later Byzantine) Empire and successive Iranian empires that shaped the political and military balance of power in the ancient Near East.
• C. Russo-Turkish Wars
  The Russo-Turkish Wars were a series of conflicts between the Russian and Ottoman Empires from the 17th to 19th centuries that reshaped control over Eastern Europe, the Balkans, and the Black Sea region.
• D. Long Turkish War
  The Long Turkish War was a protracted late 16th- to early 17th-century conflict between the Habsburg Monarchy (and its allies) and the Ottoman Empire, largely fought over control of territories in Central and Southeastern Europe.
• E. Vandalic War in North Africa
  The Vandalic War in North Africa was a 6th-century Byzantine campaign under Emperor Justinian I that reconquered the Vandal Kingdom and restored imperial control over key western Mediterranean territories.
• F. None of above. chosen