First Arab siege of Constantinople (674–678)

Target entity: First Arab siege of Constantinople (674–678)
Context triple: [Constantine IV, notableEvent, First Arab siege of Constantinople (674–678)]

• A. Second Arab siege of Constantinople (717–718)
  The Second Arab siege of Constantinople (717–718) was a major early medieval conflict in which the Byzantine Empire successfully repelled a massive Umayyad assault on its capital, halting Arab expansion into Eastern Europe.
• B. Siege of Constantinople (626)
  The Siege of Constantinople in 626 was a major failed joint Avar and Sasanian attempt to capture the Byzantine capital, marking a decisive turning point in the Roman–Persian Wars.
• C. Siege of Antioch (540)
  The Siege of Antioch (540) was a major Sasanian Persian capture and sack of the prominent Byzantine city of Antioch under King Khosrow I, marking a pivotal moment in the Roman–Persian conflicts of Late Antiquity.
• D. Siege of Alexandria (641–642)
  The Siege of Alexandria (641–642) was the decisive Rashidun Caliphate assault that captured Byzantine Egypt’s capital, ending centuries of Roman rule and securing Muslim control over the province.
• E. Siege of Byzantium (324)
  The Siege of Byzantium (324) was a key military engagement in which Constantine the Great besieged and captured the strategically vital city of Byzantium during his final civil war against Licinius, paving the way for his sole rule of the Roman Empire.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: First Arab siege of Constantinople (674–678)
Target entity description: The First Arab siege of Constantinople (674–678) was a prolonged Umayyad naval and land campaign against the Byzantine capital that ultimately failed, securing the empire’s survival and halting early Islamic expansion into Eastern Europe.

• A. Second Arab siege of Constantinople (717–718)
  The Second Arab siege of Constantinople (717–718) was a major early medieval conflict in which the Byzantine Empire successfully repelled a massive Umayyad assault on its capital, halting Arab expansion into Eastern Europe.
• B. Siege of Constantinople (626)
  The Siege of Constantinople in 626 was a major failed joint Avar and Sasanian attempt to capture the Byzantine capital, marking a decisive turning point in the Roman–Persian Wars.
• C. Siege of Antioch (540)
  The Siege of Antioch (540) was a major Sasanian Persian capture and sack of the prominent Byzantine city of Antioch under King Khosrow I, marking a pivotal moment in the Roman–Persian conflicts of Late Antiquity.
• D. Siege of Alexandria (641–642)
  The Siege of Alexandria (641–642) was the decisive Rashidun Caliphate assault that captured Byzantine Egypt’s capital, ending centuries of Roman rule and securing Muslim control over the province.
• E. Siege of Byzantium (324)
  The Siege of Byzantium (324) was a key military engagement in which Constantine the Great besieged and captured the strategically vital city of Byzantium during his final civil war against Licinius, paving the way for his sole rule of the Roman Empire.
• F. None of above. chosen