STUN
E544003
STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT) is a network protocol that helps devices discover their public IP address and port as seen by external servers, enabling communication across NAT and firewalls.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| STUN canonical | 15 |
| STUN - Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Through Network Address Translators (NATs) | 1 |
| STUN/TURN | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5768072 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: STUN Context triple: [RFC 5766, relatedToProtocol, STUN]
-
A.
STN
STN is the three-letter IATA airport code for London Stansted Airport, a major international airport serving the London area in the United Kingdom.
-
B.
STN
STN is the currency code for the São Tomé and Príncipe dobra, the official monetary unit of São Tomé and Príncipe.
-
C.
STC
STC is the commonly used abbreviation for RAF Strike Command, the former major operational command of the Royal Air Force responsible for the UK’s air combat forces.
-
D.
STC
STC is the acronym commonly used for Mexico City’s Sistema de Transporte Colectivo, the public agency that operates the city’s metro system.
-
E.
STU
STU is a major public technical university in Bratislava, Slovakia, known for its engineering, technology, and applied science programs.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: STUN Target entity description: STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT) is a network protocol that helps devices discover their public IP address and port as seen by external servers, enabling communication across NAT and firewalls.
-
A.
STN
STN is the three-letter IATA airport code for London Stansted Airport, a major international airport serving the London area in the United Kingdom.
-
B.
STN
STN is the currency code for the São Tomé and Príncipe dobra, the official monetary unit of São Tomé and Príncipe.
-
C.
STC
STC is the commonly used abbreviation for RAF Strike Command, the former major operational command of the Royal Air Force responsible for the UK’s air combat forces.
-
D.
STC
STC is the acronym commonly used for Mexico City’s Sistema de Transporte Colectivo, the public agency that operates the city’s metro system.
-
E.
STU
STU is a major public technical university in Bratislava, Slovakia, known for its engineering, technology, and applied science programs.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
IETF standard
ⓘ
network protocol ⓘ |
| abbreviation | STUN ⓘ |
| category | NAT traversal protocol ⓘ |
| defaultPort | 3478 ⓘ |
| definedInRFC | RFC 5389 ⓘ |
| designGoal |
be simple and lightweight
ⓘ
work with various NAT types ⓘ |
| firstStandardizedYear | 2008 ⓘ |
| fullName | Session Traversal Utilities for NAT ⓘ |
| keyAttribute |
FINGERPRINT
ⓘ
MAPPED-ADDRESS ⓘ MESSAGE-INTEGRITY ⓘ NONCE ⓘ REALM ⓘ USERNAME ⓘ XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS ⓘ |
| limitation | cannot guarantee connectivity through all symmetric NATs ⓘ |
| messageType |
error response
ⓘ
indication ⓘ request ⓘ success response ⓘ |
| obsoletes | RFC 3489 ⓘ |
| operatesOver |
TCP
ⓘ
linked to:
Transmission Control Protocol
UDP ⓘ |
| organization | Internet Engineering Task Force ⓘ |
| primaryPurpose |
assist NAT traversal
ⓘ
discover public IP address ⓘ discover public transport port ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
ICE
ⓘ
TURN ⓘ |
| replaces |
Simple Traversal of UDP Through NATs
ⓘ
linked to:
Session Traversal Utilities for NAT
|
| requires | publicly reachable STUN server ⓘ |
| secureDefaultPort | 5349 ⓘ |
| securityFeature |
FINGERPRINT CRC-32c check
ⓘ
HMAC-SHA1 message integrity ⓘ |
| standardTrack | Proposed Standard ⓘ |
| supportsIPv |
IPv4
ⓘ
IPv6 ⓘ |
| supportsTransport |
DTLS-over-UDP
ⓘ
TCP ⓘ
linked to:
Transmission Control Protocol
TLS-over-TCP ⓘ UDP ⓘ |
| usedBy |
Interactive Connectivity Establishment
ⓘ
WebRTC ⓘ |
| usedFor |
VoIP
ⓘ
interactive multimedia applications ⓘ real-time communication ⓘ video conferencing ⓘ |
| usesPortRange | 3478-3481 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: STUN Description of subject: STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT) is a network protocol that helps devices discover their public IP address and port as seen by external servers, enabling communication across NAT and firewalls.
Referenced by (17)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.