cosmic microwave background
E290288
The cosmic microwave background is the faint, nearly uniform afterglow radiation permeating the universe, providing a snapshot of the cosmos about 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| cosmic microwave background canonical | 6 |
| cosmic microwave background radiation | 2 |
| CMB | 1 |
| CMB Cold Spot | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2704415 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: cosmic microwave background Context triple: [Big Bang, predicts, cosmic microwave background]
-
A.
CMB
CMB is the National Rail station code for Cambridge North railway station in Cambridge, England.
-
B.
Physical Cosmology
Physical Cosmology is a branch of astrophysics that studies the large-scale structure, origin, evolution, and fate of the universe using the laws of physics.
-
C.
dark energy
Dark energy is the mysterious form of energy thought to permeate all of space and drive the accelerating expansion of the universe.
-
D.
observable universe
The observable universe is the portion of the entire cosmos that we can in principle detect or observe from Earth, limited by the finite speed of light and the age of the universe.
-
E.
Big Bang cosmology
Big Bang cosmology is the prevailing scientific framework that explains the origin, early evolution, and large-scale structure of the universe as emerging from an extremely hot, dense initial state that has been expanding over time.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: cosmic microwave background Target entity description: The cosmic microwave background is the faint, nearly uniform afterglow radiation permeating the universe, providing a snapshot of the cosmos about 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
-
A.
CMB
CMB is the National Rail station code for Cambridge North railway station in Cambridge, England.
-
B.
Physical Cosmology
Physical Cosmology is a branch of astrophysics that studies the large-scale structure, origin, evolution, and fate of the universe using the laws of physics.
-
C.
dark energy
Dark energy is the mysterious form of energy thought to permeate all of space and drive the accelerating expansion of the universe.
-
D.
observable universe
The observable universe is the portion of the entire cosmos that we can in principle detect or observe from Earth, limited by the finite speed of light and the age of the universe.
-
E.
Big Bang cosmology
Big Bang cosmology is the prevailing scientific framework that explains the origin, early evolution, and large-scale structure of the universe as emerging from an extremely hot, dense initial state that has been expanding over time.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (55)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cosmological phenomenon
ⓘ
electromagnetic radiation ⓘ relic radiation ⓘ |
| ageOfUniverseAtEmission | about 380000 years ⓘ |
| alternateName |
CMB
ⓘ
linked to:
cosmic microwave background
cosmic microwave background radiation ⓘ relic radiation ⓘ |
| angularPowerSpectrumFeature | acoustic peaks ⓘ |
| anisotropyCharacterizedBy | angular power spectrum ⓘ |
| contradicts |
steady state theory
ⓘ
linked to:
steady-state cosmology
|
| describesEpoch |
last scattering surface
ⓘ
recombination era ⓘ |
| discoveredBy |
Arno Penzias
ⓘ
Robert Wilson ⓘ |
| discoveredWithInstrument | Holmdel Horn Antenna ⓘ |
| discoveryYear | 1964 ⓘ |
| emissionProcess | photon decoupling from baryonic matter ⓘ |
| encodesInformationAbout |
Hubble constant
ⓘ
linked to:
Hubble constant H₀
baryon density ⓘ cosmological parameters ⓘ dark energy density ⓘ dark matter density ⓘ inflationary perturbations ⓘ primordial density fluctuations ⓘ reionization history ⓘ spatial curvature of the universe ⓘ |
| fills | intergalactic space ⓘ |
| hasOriginEvent | Big Bang ⓘ |
| hasPolarization | yes ⓘ |
| hasProperty |
Gaussian temperature fluctuations
ⓘ
nearly uniform ⓘ statistically isotropic ⓘ |
| isotropicTo | about one part in 100000 ⓘ |
| meanTemperature |
2.7 K
ⓘ
2.725 K ⓘ |
| measuredBy |
Atacama Cosmology Telescope
ⓘ
BOOMERanG experiment ⓘ
linked to:
QUIJOTE experiment
COBE ⓘ
linked to:
Cosmic Background Explorer
Planck spacecraft ⓘ South Pole Telescope ⓘ WMAP ⓘ |
| observedFrom |
Earth
ⓘ
space-based observatories ⓘ |
| peakFrequency | about 160.2 GHz ⓘ |
| peakWavelength | about 1.9 mm ⓘ |
| permeates | observable universe ⓘ |
| polarizationType |
B-mode polarization
ⓘ
E-mode polarization ⓘ |
| providesEvidenceFor |
Big Bang theory
ⓘ
linked to:
Big Bang
|
| radiationType | microwave ⓘ |
| redshiftAtLastScattering | about 1100 ⓘ |
| spectrumType | black-body spectrum ⓘ |
| supportsModel |
ΛCDM model
ⓘ
linked to:
Lambda-CDM model
|
| temperatureAnisotropyAmplitude | about 1e-5 ⓘ |
| temperatureUnit | kelvin ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: cosmic microwave background Description of subject: The cosmic microwave background is the faint, nearly uniform afterglow radiation permeating the universe, providing a snapshot of the cosmos about 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
Referenced by (10)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: cosmic microwave background
linked to: cosmic microwave background
linked to: cosmic microwave background
linked to: cosmic microwave background