Lambda-CDM model
E121003
The Lambda-CDM model is the standard cosmological framework describing a universe dominated by dark energy (Λ) and cold dark matter (CDM), successfully explaining the large-scale structure, expansion history, and cosmic microwave background observations.
All labels observed (9)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| ΛCDM model | 6 |
| Lambda-CDM model canonical | 4 |
| Lambda-CDM cosmological model | 3 |
| Lambda cold dark matter model | 1 |
| Lambda-CDM cosmology | 1 |
| cosmic microwave background | 1 |
| standard cosmological model | 1 |
| standard model of cosmology | 1 |
| standard ΛCDM cosmology | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1014600 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lambda-CDM model Context triple: [Laniakea Supercluster, cosmologyModelContext, Lambda-CDM model]
-
A.
FLRW cosmological models
FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
-
B.
Big Bang cosmology
Big Bang cosmology is the prevailing scientific framework that explains the origin, early evolution, and large-scale structure of the universe as emerging from an extremely hot, dense initial state that has been expanding over time.
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C.
Lemaître–Hubble law
The Lemaître–Hubble law is the fundamental cosmological relation that expresses the proportionality between a galaxy’s recessional velocity and its distance, providing the first observational evidence for the expansion of the universe.
-
D.
inflationary universe theory
Inflationary universe theory is a cosmological model proposing that the early universe underwent an extremely rapid exponential expansion, explaining its large-scale uniformity and structure.
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E.
observable universe
The observable universe is the portion of the entire cosmos that we can in principle detect or observe from Earth, limited by the finite speed of light and the age of the universe.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lambda-CDM model Target entity description: The Lambda-CDM model is the standard cosmological framework describing a universe dominated by dark energy (Λ) and cold dark matter (CDM), successfully explaining the large-scale structure, expansion history, and cosmic microwave background observations.
-
A.
FLRW cosmological models
FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
-
B.
Big Bang cosmology
Big Bang cosmology is the prevailing scientific framework that explains the origin, early evolution, and large-scale structure of the universe as emerging from an extremely hot, dense initial state that has been expanding over time.
-
C.
Lemaître–Hubble law
The Lemaître–Hubble law is the fundamental cosmological relation that expresses the proportionality between a galaxy’s recessional velocity and its distance, providing the first observational evidence for the expansion of the universe.
-
D.
inflationary universe theory
Inflationary universe theory is a cosmological model proposing that the early universe underwent an extremely rapid exponential expansion, explaining its large-scale uniformity and structure.
-
E.
observable universe
The observable universe is the portion of the entire cosmos that we can in principle detect or observe from Earth, limited by the finite speed of light and the age of the universe.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cosmological model
ⓘ
standard model of cosmology ⓘ |
| alternativeName |
Lambda cold dark matter model
ⓘ
linked to:
Lambda-CDM model
ΛCDM model ⓘ
linked to:
Lambda-CDM model
|
| assumes |
cold non-relativistic dark matter
ⓘ
general relativity is valid on cosmological scales ⓘ homogeneous and isotropic universe on large scales ⓘ |
| basedOn |
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric
ⓘ
linked to:
FLRW cosmological models
|
| describes |
cosmic microwave background anisotropies
ⓘ
evolution of density perturbations ⓘ expansion history of the universe ⓘ growth of cosmic structure ⓘ large-scale structure of the universe ⓘ |
| dominantIn | contemporary physical cosmology ⓘ |
| explains |
baryon acoustic oscillations
ⓘ
observed Hubble–Lemaître law ⓘ primordial nucleosynthesis abundances ⓘ statistical properties of galaxy clustering ⓘ temperature power spectrum of the CMB ⓘ |
| hasOpenIssues |
Hubble tension
ⓘ
nature of dark energy ⓘ nature of dark matter ⓘ small-scale structure problems ⓘ |
| implies |
cold dark matter dominates matter content
ⓘ
universe is dominated by dark energy at late times ⓘ |
| includesComponent |
baryonic matter
ⓘ
cold dark matter ⓘ cosmological constant Λ ⓘ dark energy ⓘ neutrinos ⓘ radiation ⓘ |
| parameterizedBy |
Hubble constant H0
ⓘ
linked to:
Hubble constant H₀
amplitude of primordial fluctuations As ⓘ baryon density parameter Ωb ⓘ curvature parameter Ωk ⓘ dark energy density parameter ΩΛ ⓘ matter density parameter Ωm ⓘ optical depth to reionization τ ⓘ scalar spectral index ns ⓘ |
| predicts |
accelerated expansion of the universe
ⓘ
age of the universe of about 13.8 billion years ⓘ transition from decelerated to accelerated expansion ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
inflationary cosmology
ⓘ
linked to:
inflationary universe theory
|
| supportedBy |
Planck satellite observations
ⓘ
Type Ia supernova observations ⓘ WMAP observations ⓘ
linked to:
WMAP
baryon acoustic oscillation measurements ⓘ large-scale galaxy surveys ⓘ |
| timePeriodOfDevelopment | late 20th century ⓘ |
| typicallyAssumes | spatially flat universe ⓘ |
| uses | cosmological constant to model dark energy ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Lambda-CDM model Description of subject: The Lambda-CDM model is the standard cosmological framework describing a universe dominated by dark energy (Λ) and cold dark matter (CDM), successfully explaining the large-scale structure, expansion history, and cosmic microwave background observations.
Referenced by (19)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model
linked to: Lambda-CDM model