FLRW cosmological models

E1311

cosmological model homogeneous cosmological model isotropic cosmological model solution to Einstein field equations spacetime metric

FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.

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All labels observed (20)

Label	Occurrences
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric	18
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmology	8
Friedmann equations	4
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmologies	3
Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology	3
FLRW cosmological models canonical	2
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmological models	2
Robertson–Walker metric	2
Big Bang models	1
FLRW metric	1
Friedmann cosmological models	1
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmological model	1
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric (special case)	1
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker models	1
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker spacetimes	1
Friedmann–Robertson–Walker background cosmology	1
Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmological models	1
Friedmann–Robertson–Walker models	1
Lemaître’s expanding universe solution	1
Robertson–Walker cosmological models	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T19065 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: FLRW cosmological models
Context triple: [Oppenheimer–Snyder model, relatedTo, FLRW cosmological models]

A. Oppenheimer–Snyder model
The Oppenheimer–Snyder model is a pioneering theoretical description of gravitational collapse in general relativity, providing one of the first rigorous treatments of how a massive star can form a black hole.
B. Cosmos: A Personal Voyage
Cosmos: A Personal Voyage is a landmark 1980 science documentary television series that explores the universe, science, and humanity’s place in the cosmos, hosted and co-written by astronomer Carl Sagan.
C. Trinity
The Trinity is the central Christian doctrine that God exists as one divine being in three distinct, co-equal persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
D. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge
Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge is a 1998 book by biologist Edward O. Wilson that argues for the unification of the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities into a single, coherent framework of knowledge.
E. Baade Telescope
The Baade Telescope is one of the twin 6.5-meter Magellan optical telescopes used for cutting-edge astronomical research in Chile.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: FLRW cosmological models
Target entity description: FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.

A. Oppenheimer–Snyder model
The Oppenheimer–Snyder model is a pioneering theoretical description of gravitational collapse in general relativity, providing one of the first rigorous treatments of how a massive star can form a black hole.
B. Cosmos: A Personal Voyage
Cosmos: A Personal Voyage is a landmark 1980 science documentary television series that explores the universe, science, and humanity’s place in the cosmos, hosted and co-written by astronomer Carl Sagan.
C. Trinity
The Trinity is the central Christian doctrine that God exists as one divine being in three distinct, co-equal persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
D. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge
Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge is a 1998 book by biologist Edward O. Wilson that argues for the unification of the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities into a single, coherent framework of knowledge.
E. Baade Telescope
The Baade Telescope is one of the twin 6.5-meter Magellan optical telescopes used for cutting-edge astronomical research in Chile.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (51)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	cosmological model ⓘ homogeneous cosmological model ⓘ isotropic cosmological model ⓘ solution to Einstein field equations ⓘ spacetime metric ⓘ spacetime metric ⓘ
allowsSpatialCurvature	negative curvature ⓘ positive curvature ⓘ zero curvature ⓘ
approximates	large-scale structure of the universe ⓘ
assumes	cosmological principle ⓘ large-scale homogeneity ⓘ large-scale isotropy ⓘ
basedOnTheory	general relativity ⓘ
compatibleWith	cosmic microwave background isotropy ⓘ
definedOn	four-dimensional spacetime ⓘ
describes	contracting universe ⓘ expanding universe ⓘ homogeneous universe ⓘ isotropic universe ⓘ
fullName	Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmological models ⓘ linked to: FLRW cosmological models
governedBy	Friedmann equations ⓘ linked to: Einstein field equations
hasLimitation	assumes perfect fluid description of matter ⓘ neglects small-scale inhomogeneities ⓘ
hasMetric	FLRW metric ⓘ linked to: FLRW cosmological models
historicalDevelopment	first solutions found by Alexander Friedmann in the 1920s ⓘ general form clarified by Robertson and Walker in the 1930s ⓘ
implies	Hubble–Lemaître law on large scales ⓘ
includes	cosmic time coordinate ⓘ scale factor ⓘ spatial curvature parameter ⓘ
includesComponent	baryonic matter ⓘ dark energy ⓘ dark matter ⓘ radiation ⓘ
includesParameter	cosmological constant ⓘ
namedAfter	Alexander Friedmann ⓘ Arthur Geoffrey Walker ⓘ Georges Lemaître ⓘ Howard P. Robertson ⓘ
predicts	cosmic expansion history ⓘ time-dependent scale factor ⓘ
spatialSections	3-sphere ⓘ Euclidean 3-space ⓘ hyperbolic 3-space ⓘ
usedIn	standard model of cosmology ⓘ ΛCDM model ⓘ
usedToInfer	age of the universe ⓘ cosmological distance–redshift relations ⓘ critical density of the universe ⓘ
validAtScale	cosmological scales ⓘ