EU Birds Directive

E195444

European Union directive environmental law nature conservation instrument

The EU Birds Directive is a key piece of European Union legislation aimed at conserving all wild bird species and their habitats across member states.

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All labels observed (15)

Label	Occurrences
EU Birds Directive canonical	23
Birds Directive	4
European Union Birds Directive	3
Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds	2
Article 8 of the EU Birds Directive	1
Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds	1
Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds	1
EU Birds Directive (via SPA designation)	1
EU Birds Directive 2009/147/EC	1
EU Birds Directive Annex I	1
EU Birds Directive SPA	1
EU Birds Directive Special Protection Area	1
EU Birds Directive site	1
EU Birds Directive sites	1
Special Protection Area for Birds (SPA) under EU Birds Directive	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1761218 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: EU Birds Directive
Context triple: [Aquila fasciata, protectedBy, EU Birds Directive]

A. Convention on Migratory Species
The Convention on Migratory Species is a global environmental treaty under the United Nations that aims to conserve migratory animal species and their habitats across national borders.
B. Migratory Bird Conservation Act
The Migratory Bird Conservation Act is a U.S. law that established a program and funding mechanism to acquire and protect habitats essential for the conservation of migratory birds.
C. BirdLife International
BirdLife International is a global partnership of conservation organizations dedicated to protecting birds, their habitats, and global biodiversity.
D. Natura 2000 network
The Natura 2000 network is a European Union–wide system of protected areas aimed at conserving threatened habitats and species across member states.
E. Migratory Bird Treaty Act
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act is a U.S. federal law that protects migratory bird species by prohibiting their unauthorized taking, killing, or possession.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: EU Birds Directive
Target entity description: The EU Birds Directive is a key piece of European Union legislation aimed at conserving all wild bird species and their habitats across member states.

A. Convention on Migratory Species
The Convention on Migratory Species is a global environmental treaty under the United Nations that aims to conserve migratory animal species and their habitats across national borders.
B. Migratory Bird Conservation Act
The Migratory Bird Conservation Act is a U.S. law that established a program and funding mechanism to acquire and protect habitats essential for the conservation of migratory birds.
C. BirdLife International
BirdLife International is a global partnership of conservation organizations dedicated to protecting birds, their habitats, and global biodiversity.
D. Natura 2000 network
The Natura 2000 network is a European Union–wide system of protected areas aimed at conserving threatened habitats and species across member states.
E. Migratory Bird Treaty Act
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act is a U.S. federal law that protects migratory bird species by prohibiting their unauthorized taking, killing, or possession.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (53)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	European Union directive ⓘ environmental law ⓘ nature conservation instrument ⓘ
adoptedOn	2009-11-30 ⓘ
aimsTo	conserve bird species and their habitats ⓘ maintain bird populations at a level corresponding to ecological, scientific and cultural requirements ⓘ prevent the decline of wild bird populations ⓘ protect all wild birds in the European Union ⓘ regulate the exploitation of wild birds ⓘ
allows	hunting of certain species under strict conditions ⓘ
appliesTo	all wild bird species naturally occurring in the European Union ⓘ bird habitats within EU member states ⓘ
bindingOn	all EU member states ⓘ
citation	OJ L 20, 26.1.2010, p. 7–25 ⓘ
complements	EU Habitats Directive ⓘ linked to: Council Directive 92/43/EEC
containsAnnex	Annex I (species requiring special conservation measures) ⓘ Annex II (huntable species) ⓘ Annex III (species that may be traded under conditions) ⓘ Annex IV (prohibited means of capture and killing) ⓘ Annex V (research and reporting requirements) ⓘ
covers	protection of bird breeding areas ⓘ protection of bird migration staging posts ⓘ protection of bird moulting areas ⓘ protection of bird nesting sites ⓘ protection of bird wintering areas ⓘ
enforcedBy	European Commission ⓘ
enteredIntoForceOn	2010-04-15 ⓘ
establishes	network of Special Protection Areas (SPAs) ⓘ
focusesOn	migratory species not listed in Annex I ⓘ species listed in Annex I ⓘ
implementedThrough	national legislation of EU member states ⓘ
jurisdiction	European Union ⓘ
language	all official languages of the European Union ⓘ
legalBasis	Article 192 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ⓘ
monitoredBy	European Environment Agency ⓘ
obliges	member states to preserve, maintain or re-establish sufficient diversity and area of habitats for birds ⓘ
officialName	Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the conservation of wild birds ⓘ linked to: Directive 2009/147/EC
partOf	Natura 2000 network framework ⓘ linked to: Natura 2000 network
policyArea	biodiversity conservation ⓘ environmental protection ⓘ
prohibits	deliberate killing of wild birds ⓘ destruction of bird nests and eggs ⓘ disturbance of birds particularly during breeding and rearing ⓘ taking of eggs in the wild ⓘ
recastOf	Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds ⓘ linked to: Council Directive 79/409/EEC
regulates	hunting of wild birds ⓘ
relatedTo	Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention) ⓘ Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention) ⓘ linked to: Convention on Migratory Species
replaced	Council Directive 79/409/EEC ⓘ
requires	designation of Special Protection Areas for birds ⓘ monitoring of bird populations ⓘ reporting by member states to the European Commission ⓘ
shortName	Birds Directive ⓘ linked to: EU Birds Directive

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (43)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Aquila fasciata → protectedBy → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Aquila adalberti → protectedBy → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Natura 2000 network → basedOn → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Lough Mahon → protectedUnder → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Kierbesluit → relatedTo → European Union Birds Directive ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Shannon Estuary → governedBy → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Special Protection Area → basedOnDirective → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Thames Estuary and Marshes SPA → designationUnder → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Spanish imperial eagle → protectedBy → European Union Birds Directive ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

EU Birds Directive → shortName → Birds Directive ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Natura 2000 site Vallée de la Dranse → governedBy → European Union Birds Directive ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Stour Estuary → protectedUnder → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Directive 2009/147/EC → shortName → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Directive 2009/147/EC → alsoKnownAs → Birds Directive ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Council Directive 92/43/EEC → complements → Birds Directive ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Portsmouth Harbour Special Protection Area → legalBasis → EU Birds Directive 2009/147/EC ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Tamar Estuaries Complex → partOf → EU Birds Directive sites ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Tamar Estuaries Complex → designatedUnder → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Cork Harbour Special Protection Area → governedBy → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

dartford warbler → listedIn → EU Birds Directive Annex I ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Carmarthen Bay Special Protection Area → governedBy → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Special Protection Area → legalBasis → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

subject linked to: SPA

Cairngorms Special Protection Area → designationUnder → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

environmental law of the European Union → includesInstrument → Birds Directive ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Castro Verde Special Protection Area → designationStatus → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Ría de Ortigueira → hasProtectionStatus → Special Protection Area for Birds (SPA) under EU Birds Directive ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

North Bull Island Special Protection Area → designation → EU Birds Directive Special Protection Area ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

North Bull Island Special Protection Area → protectedUnder → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Council Directive 79/409/EEC → officialName → Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Council Directive 79/409/EEC → shortName → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Council Directive 79/409/EEC → successor → Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Annex I (species requiring special conservation measures) → partOf → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Annex I (species requiring special conservation measures) → enteredIntoForceWith → Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Annex IV (prohibited means of capture and killing) → partOf → Directive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Annex IV (prohibited means of capture and killing) → partOf → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Annex IV (prohibited means of capture and killing) → basedOn → Article 8 of the EU Birds Directive ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats → influenced → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

subject linked to: Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention)

Roskilde Fjord → hasProtectedAreaStatus → EU Birds Directive site ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Natura 2000 site around Comino → designatedUnder → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Ouse Washes → hasProtectionStatus → EU Birds Directive SPA ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Mount Ziria Natura 2000 site → governedUnder → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

Lockwood Reservoir → isProtectedUnder → EU Birds Directive (via SPA designation) ⓘ

linked to: EU Birds Directive

Făgăraș Mountains Natura 2000 sites → legalBasis → EU Birds Directive ⓘ

All labels observed (15)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (53)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (43)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited