Paris Agreement

E18632

international climate agreement multilateral environmental agreement treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

The Paris Agreement is a landmark international treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that commits countries to limit global warming to well below 2°C, pursuing efforts to stay under 1.5°C through nationally determined emissions-reduction plans.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

AI illustration

All labels observed (18)

Label	Occurrences
Paris Agreement canonical	73
Paris Agreement on climate change	13
Paris Agreement temperature goals	3
Paris Agreement climate goals	2
Paris Agreement goals	2
Paris Agreement objectives	2
2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21)	1
Acordo de Paris sobre o clima	1
Article 4 of the Paris Agreement	1
Paris Agreement (2015)	1
Paris Agreement 2015	1
Paris Agreement Article 14	1
Paris Agreement Article 4	1
Paris Agreement Article 7	1
Paris Agreement Article 9	1
Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change	1
Paris climate accord	1
the Paris Agreement	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T153569 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Paris Agreement
Context triple: [UN Climate Action Summit 2019, relatedTo, Paris Agreement]

A. UN Climate Action Summit 2019
The UN Climate Action Summit 2019 was a high-level United Nations gathering in New York aimed at accelerating global efforts to address climate change through stronger national commitments and concrete action plans.
B. Madrid Protocol
The Madrid Protocol is an international treaty that streamlines the process for obtaining and managing trademark protection in multiple countries through a single application.
C. Doha Development Agenda
The Doha Development Agenda is a World Trade Organization negotiation round launched in 2001 that focuses on reducing global trade barriers with a particular emphasis on addressing the needs and interests of developing countries.
D. C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group
The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group is a global network of major cities collaborating to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and address climate change through shared policies and initiatives.
E. Covenant of the League of Nations
The Covenant of the League of Nations was the foundational international treaty that established the League’s structure, principles, and mechanisms for collective security and peaceful dispute resolution after World War I.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Paris Agreement
Target entity description: The Paris Agreement is a landmark international treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that commits countries to limit global warming to well below 2°C, pursuing efforts to stay under 1.5°C through nationally determined emissions-reduction plans.

A. UN Climate Action Summit 2019
The UN Climate Action Summit 2019 was a high-level United Nations gathering in New York aimed at accelerating global efforts to address climate change through stronger national commitments and concrete action plans.
B. Madrid Protocol
The Madrid Protocol is an international treaty that streamlines the process for obtaining and managing trademark protection in multiple countries through a single application.
C. Doha Development Agenda
The Doha Development Agenda is a World Trade Organization negotiation round launched in 2001 that focuses on reducing global trade barriers with a particular emphasis on addressing the needs and interests of developing countries.
D. C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group
The C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group is a global network of major cities collaborating to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and address climate change through shared policies and initiatives.
E. Covenant of the League of Nations
The Covenant of the League of Nations was the foundational international treaty that established the League’s structure, principles, and mechanisms for collective security and peaceful dispute resolution after World War I.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (72)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	international climate agreement ⓘ multilateral environmental agreement ⓘ treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ⓘ
abbreviation	NDCs ⓘ
adoptedAt	Paris ⓘ
adoptedAtEvent	COP21 ⓘ linked to: 21st Conference of the Parties
adoptedBy	Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC ⓘ linked to: Conference of the Parties (COP) climate negotiations
adoptedOn	2015-12-12 ⓘ
adoptionConferenceNumber	21st Conference of the Parties ⓘ
adoptionMethod	consensus ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Paris climate accord ⓘ linked to: Paris Agreement
article13FocusesOn	transparency ⓘ
article6ProvidesFor	cooperative approaches ⓘ internationally transferred mitigation outcomes ⓘ mechanism to contribute to mitigation and support sustainable development ⓘ
article7FocusesOn	adaptation ⓘ
article9FocusesOn	climate finance ⓘ
category	climate change law ⓘ international environmental law instrument ⓘ
containsArticle	Article 13 ⓘ Article 2 ⓘ Article 4 ⓘ Article 6 ⓘ Article 7 ⓘ Article 9 ⓘ
encourages	alignment of financial flows with low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development ⓘ peaking of global greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible ⓘ
enteredIntoForceOn	2016-11-04 ⓘ
entryIntoForceCondition	ratification by at least 55 Parties to the UNFCCC accounting for at least 55 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions ⓘ
establishes	enhanced transparency framework ⓘ global stocktake ⓘ
focusArea	climate change adaptation ⓘ climate change mitigation ⓘ climate finance ⓘ
fullName	Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ⓘ linked to: Paris Agreement
globalStocktakeFrequency	every 5 years ⓘ
hasWithdrawalClause	yes ⓘ
hostCountryOfAdoption	France ⓘ
language	Arabic ⓘ Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ Russian ⓘ Spanish ⓘ
legalNature	legally binding international treaty ⓘ
longTermMitigationGoal	achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century ⓘ
mechanismIntroduced	nationally determined contributions ⓘ
negotiatedUnder	United Nations ⓘ
negotiationProcess	UNFCCC negotiations ⓘ
notableReaccession	United States rejoining in 2021 ⓘ
notableWithdrawal	United States withdrawal notification in 2017 ⓘ
openedForSignatureAt	New York City ⓘ
openedForSignatureBy	United Nations ⓘ
openedForSignatureOn	2016-04-22 ⓘ
parentTreaty	United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ⓘ
primaryGoal	limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels ⓘ
recognizes	common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities ⓘ
replaces	Kyoto Protocol as central framework for global climate action after 2020 ⓘ
requires	progression over time in ambition of nationally determined contributions ⓘ regular updating of nationally determined contributions ⓘ submission of nationally determined contributions by Parties ⓘ
scope	global ⓘ
secondaryGoal	pursue efforts to limit temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels ⓘ
secretariat	UNFCCC Secretariat ⓘ
shortName	Paris Agreement ⓘ
subjectMatter	climate resilience ⓘ greenhouse gas emissions reduction ⓘ low greenhouse gas emissions development ⓘ
temperatureBaseline	pre-industrial levels ⓘ
transparencyFrameworkCovers	action ⓘ support ⓘ
withdrawalNoticePeriod	1 year after notification following 3 years from entry into force for that Party ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (107)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

UN Climate Action Summit 2019 → relatedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Sustainable Development Goals → relatedTo → Paris Agreement on climate change ⓘ

linked to: Paris Agreement

United Nations system of international law → includesInstrument → Paris Agreement ⓘ

C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group → supports → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity → relatedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Barack Obama presidency → significantEvent → Paris Agreement on climate change ⓘ

linked to: Paris Agreement

Paris Agreement → fullName → Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ⓘ

linked to: Paris Agreement

Paris Agreement → shortName → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Paris Agreement → alsoKnownAs → Paris climate accord ⓘ

linked to: Paris Agreement

Conference of the Parties (COP) climate negotiations → notableOutcome → Paris Agreement ⓘ

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change → relatedInstrument → Paris Agreement ⓘ

2014 UN Climate Summit → relatedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Greta Thunberg’s address to the UN Climate Change Conference (COP24) → relatedToAgreement → Paris Agreement ⓘ

François Hollande → signed → Paris Agreement ⓘ

U.S. Nationally Determined Contribution → underAgreement → Paris Agreement ⓘ

U.S. Nationally Determined Contribution → governedBy → Article 4 of the Paris Agreement ⓘ

linked to: Paris Agreement

Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C → requestedBy → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Special Report on Climate Change and Land → relatedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories → supportsFramework → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Life Below Water → relatedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Global Ocean Observing System → relatedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability → supportsFramework → Paris Agreement on climate change ⓘ

linked to: Paris Agreement

Emissions Gap Report → relatedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Treaties of the United Kingdom → hasPart → Paris Agreement 2015 ⓘ

linked to: Paris Agreement

Laurent Fabius → participatedIn → 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) ⓘ

linked to: Paris Agreement

The Climate Pledge → alignedWith → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Treaties of Mexico → hasPart → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Kyoto Protocol → successor → Paris Agreement ⓘ

NDCs → partOf → Paris Agreement ⓘ

NDCs → establishedBy → Paris Agreement ⓘ

21st Conference of the Parties → mainOutcome → Paris Agreement ⓘ

21st Conference of the Parties → adoptedInstrument → Paris Agreement ⓘ

COP → notableOutcome → Paris Agreement ⓘ

COP → monitorsImplementationOf → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Copenhagen Accord → influenced → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 → linkedTo → Paris Agreement on climate change ⓘ

linked to: Paris Agreement

Glasgow Climate Pact → relatedToAgreement → Paris Agreement ⓘ

2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference → relatedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

COP24 → relatedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Treaties of France → hasPart → Paris Agreement (2015) ⓘ

linked to: Paris Agreement

UNFCCC transparency framework → partOf → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Green New Deal → linkedTo → Paris Agreement goals ⓘ

linked to: Paris Agreement

48th Session of the IPCC → relatedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Sustainable Development Goal 13 → relatedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Bali Action Plan → relatedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

EGR → relatesTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

UNEP DTU Partnership → associatedWith → Paris Agreement ⓘ

Kigali Amendment → linkedTo → Paris Agreement ⓘ

COP28 → implements → Paris Agreement ⓘ

DG CLIMA → follows → Paris Agreement ⓘ

All labels observed (18)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (72)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (107)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited