Article XXI (Security Exceptions)

E13582

Article XXI (Security Exceptions) is a provision of the GATT that allows WTO members to take trade-restrictive measures they deem necessary for the protection of their essential security interests.

AI illustration

How this image was made

AI-generated illustration of Article XXI (Security Exceptions)

This AI-generated illustration was produced by black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-dev (1024x1024) from a prompt written by openai/gpt-oss-120b from the entity's label + description.

Prompt

Generate an image of Article XXI (Security Exceptions) (Article XXI (Security Exceptions) is a provision of the GATT that allows WTO members to take trade-restrictive measures they deem necessary for the protection of their essential security interests.)

All labels observed (4)

Label Occurrences
Article XXI(c) 2
Article XXI (Security Exceptions) canonical 1
Article XXI(a) 1

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (44)

Predicate Object
instanceOf GATT provision ⓘ
security exceptions clause ⓘ
addresses tension between trade liberalization and national security ⓘ
adoptedIn 1947 ⓘ
allows measures members deem necessary for essential security interests ⓘ
appliesTo WTO members ⓘ
centralIssueIn Qatar – Certain Measures Concerning Goods and Services from the United Arab Emirates (DS526) ⓘ
Russia – Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit (DS512) ⓘ
Saudi Arabia – Measures Concerning the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (DS567) ⓘ
codifiedIn Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization via GATT 1994 ⓘ
constrains use of national security as a justification for trade restrictions ⓘ
contains Article XXI(a) ⓘ
Article XXI(b) ⓘ
Article XXI(c) ⓘ
Article XXI(d) ⓘ
Article XXI(e) ⓘ
controversy risk of abuse for protectionist purposes ⓘ
debate scope of members’ discretion in invoking security exceptions ⓘ
self-judging nature of essential security interests ⓘ
effect permits trade-restrictive measures ⓘ
field international economic law ⓘ
international trade law ⓘ
influences design of security exceptions in later trade agreements ⓘ
interpretedBy WTO Appellate Body ⓘ
WTO panels ⓘ
invocableBy any WTO member state ⓘ
languageCharacterization security exceptions shall not be construed to prevent a member from taking certain measures ⓘ
legalNature exception to GATT obligations ⓘ
legalStatus binding on all WTO members ⓘ
legalSystem World Trade Organization law ⓘ
linkedTo concept of essential security interests in international law ⓘ
partOf GATT 1994 ⓘ
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947 ⓘ
providesExceptionFor disclosure of information contrary to a member’s essential security interests ⓘ
measures relating to fissionable materials ⓘ
measures relating to traffic in arms, ammunition and implements of war ⓘ
measures taken in time of war or other emergency in international relations ⓘ
purpose to allow members to protect their essential security interests ⓘ
relatedTo Article XX (General Exceptions) of GATT ⓘ
requires good faith in invocation by members ⓘ
requiresInterpretationInLightOf principle of good faith under public international law ⓘ
scope measures affecting trade in goods under GATT ⓘ
subjectMatter security exceptions in international trade ⓘ
usedFor national security–motivated trade measures ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (5)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade → hasPart → Article XXI (Security Exceptions) ⓘ
Article XXI (Security Exceptions) → contains → Article XXI(a) ⓘ
linked to: Article XXI (Security Exceptions)
Article XXI (Security Exceptions) → contains → Article XXI(c) ⓘ
linked to: Article XXI (Security Exceptions)
GATT 1994 Article XXI → containsParagraph → Article XXI(c) ⓘ
linked to: Article XXI (Security Exceptions)
GATT 1994 Article XXI → containsParagraph → Article XXI(d) ⓘ
linked to: Article XXI (Security Exceptions)