Article XX (General Exceptions)
E12885
Article XX (General Exceptions) is a key provision of the GATT that allows World Trade Organization members to adopt trade-restrictive measures for specified public policy objectives, such as protecting human, animal or plant life and conserving exhaustible natural resources, provided certain conditions are met.
All labels observed (5)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Article XX (General Exceptions) canonical | 2 |
| Article XX (General Exceptions) of GATT | 1 |
| Article XX(a) | 1 |
| Article XX(f) | 1 |
| English official text titled "General Exceptions" | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T120931 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Article XX (General Exceptions) Context triple: [General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, hasPart, Article XX (General Exceptions)]
-
A.
Clause 40
Clause 40 is a famous provision of the Magna Carta that promises royal justice will not be sold, denied, or delayed to any person.
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B.
Clause 39
Clause 39 is a key provision of the Magna Carta that guarantees the right to due process by prohibiting arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, or dispossession except by lawful judgment or the law of the land.
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C.
Supplementary Provisions
Supplementary Provisions are the concluding section of the Constitution of Japan that contain transitional, implementation, and special clauses necessary for putting the main constitutional articles into effect.
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D.
Article VI
Article VI of the United States Constitution establishes the supremacy of federal law, requires officials to take an oath to support the Constitution, and prohibits religious tests for public office.
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E.
Article V
Article V is the section of the United States Constitution that outlines the formal process for proposing and ratifying constitutional amendments.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Article XX (General Exceptions) Target entity description: Article XX (General Exceptions) is a key provision of the GATT that allows World Trade Organization members to adopt trade-restrictive measures for specified public policy objectives, such as protecting human, animal or plant life and conserving exhaustible natural resources, provided certain conditions are met.
-
A.
Clause 40
Clause 40 is a famous provision of the Magna Carta that promises royal justice will not be sold, denied, or delayed to any person.
-
B.
Clause 39
Clause 39 is a key provision of the Magna Carta that guarantees the right to due process by prohibiting arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, or dispossession except by lawful judgment or the law of the land.
-
C.
Supplementary Provisions
Supplementary Provisions are the concluding section of the Constitution of Japan that contain transitional, implementation, and special clauses necessary for putting the main constitutional articles into effect.
-
D.
Article VI
Article VI of the United States Constitution establishes the supremacy of federal law, requires officials to take an oath to support the Constitution, and prohibits religious tests for public office.
-
E.
Article V
Article V is the section of the United States Constitution that outlines the formal process for proposing and ratifying constitutional amendments.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
GATT article
ⓘ
treaty provision ⓘ |
| adoptedIn |
GATT 1947
ⓘ
linked to:
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
|
| allows | trade-restrictive measures under specified conditions ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
World Trade Organization members
ⓘ
linked to:
World Trade Organization
|
| balances | trade liberalization and non-trade public policy objectives ⓘ |
| carriedOverTo | GATT 1994 ⓘ |
| chapeau |
prohibits arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where the same conditions prevail
ⓘ
prohibits disguised restrictions on international trade ⓘ |
| condition |
measures must not be a disguised restriction on international trade
ⓘ
measures must not be applied in a manner constituting arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination ⓘ |
| firstTier | measure must fall under at least one specific paragraph (a)–(j) ⓘ |
| interpretedBy |
WTO Appellate Body
ⓘ
WTO panels ⓘ |
| language |
English official text titled "General Exceptions"
ⓘ
linked to:
Article XX (General Exceptions)
|
| legalEffect | can justify measures otherwise inconsistent with GATT obligations ⓘ |
| legalNature | exception clause to general GATT disciplines ⓘ |
| legalSystem |
World Trade Organization law
ⓘ
linked to:
World Trade Organization
|
| objective |
conservation of exhaustible natural resources under Article XX(g)
ⓘ
imposition of restrictions on exports of domestic materials under Article XX(k) ⓘ protection of animal life or health under Article XX(b) ⓘ protection of human life or health under Article XX(b) ⓘ protection of national treasures of artistic, historic or archaeological value under Article XX(f) ⓘ protection of plant life or health under Article XX(b) ⓘ protection of public morals under Article XX(a) ⓘ relief of products in general or local short supply under Article XX(j) ⓘ restrictions on the export of domestic materials necessary to ensure essential quantities to a domestic processing industry under Article XX(l) ⓘ securing compliance with laws or regulations not inconsistent with the GATT under Article XX(d) ⓘ |
| paragraph |
Article XX(a)
ⓘ
linked to:
Article XX (General Exceptions)
Article XX(b) ⓘ Article XX(d) ⓘ Article XX(f) ⓘ
linked to:
Article XX (General Exceptions)
Article XX(g) ⓘ Article XX(j) ⓘ Article XX(k) ⓘ Article XX(l) ⓘ |
| partOf |
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994
ⓘ
linked to:
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
World Trade Organization legal framework ⓘ |
| purpose | to allow exceptions to GATT obligations for specified public policy objectives ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
environmental protection measures
ⓘ
public health measures ⓘ regulatory autonomy of WTO members ⓘ |
| requires |
a two-tier legal test in WTO dispute settlement
ⓘ
means-ends relationship assessment between the measure and the policy objective ⓘ necessity analysis for certain paragraphs such as XX(b) and XX(d) ⓘ |
| scope | applies to measures inconsistent with certain GATT provisions such as Articles I, III and XI ⓘ |
| secondTier | measure must satisfy the chapeau requirements ⓘ |
| usedIn |
WTO dispute settlement cases
ⓘ
linked to:
Dispute Settlement Understanding
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Article XX (General Exceptions) Description of subject: Article XX (General Exceptions) is a key provision of the GATT that allows World Trade Organization members to adopt trade-restrictive measures for specified public policy objectives, such as protecting human, animal or plant life and conserving exhaustible natural resources, provided certain conditions are met.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Article XX (General Exceptions)
Article III (National Treatment on Internal Taxation and Regulation)
→
relatedTo
→
Article XX (General Exceptions)
ⓘ
linked to: Article XX (General Exceptions)
linked to: Article XX (General Exceptions)
linked to: Article XX (General Exceptions)