zanamivir
E86054
World Health Organization essential medicine
antiviral drug
influenza drug
neuraminidase inhibitor
pharmaceutical drug
small molecule
Zanamivir is an inhaled neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral drug used to treat and prevent influenza A and B infections, including strains such as the 2009 H1N1 virus.
All labels observed (2)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T701555 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: zanamivir Context triple: [2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, antiviralTreatment, zanamivir]
-
A.
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir is an oral antiviral medication (commonly known by the brand name Tamiflu) used to treat and prevent influenza, including pandemic strains such as 2009 H1N1.
-
B.
Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
-
C.
rVSV-ZEBOV
rVSV-ZEBOV is an experimental recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine developed to protect humans against infection by the Zaire strain of the Ebola virus.
-
D.
Darzalex
Darzalex is a monoclonal antibody drug (daratumumab) used primarily in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
-
E.
Vumerity
Vumerity is an oral prescription medication used to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis in adults.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: zanamivir Target entity description: Zanamivir is an inhaled neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral drug used to treat and prevent influenza A and B infections, including strains such as the 2009 H1N1 virus.
-
A.
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir is an oral antiviral medication (commonly known by the brand name Tamiflu) used to treat and prevent influenza, including pandemic strains such as 2009 H1N1.
-
B.
Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
-
C.
rVSV-ZEBOV
rVSV-ZEBOV is an experimental recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine developed to protect humans against infection by the Zaire strain of the Ebola virus.
-
D.
Darzalex
Darzalex is a monoclonal antibody drug (daratumumab) used primarily in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
-
E.
Vumerity
Vumerity is an oral prescription medication used to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis in adults.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (56)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
World Health Organization essential medicine
ⓘ
antiviral drug ⓘ influenza drug ⓘ neuraminidase inhibitor ⓘ pharmaceutical drug ⓘ small molecule ⓘ |
| administeredAs | dry powder for inhalation ⓘ |
| administeredWithDevice | Diskhaler ⓘ |
| approvedBy |
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
ⓘ
linked to:
Food and Drug Administration
|
| approvedInYear | 1999 (US) ⓘ |
| belongsToClass |
antiviral agents against influenza
ⓘ
sialic acid analogues ⓘ |
| cautionIn |
patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
ⓘ
patients with underlying respiratory disease such as asthma ⓘ |
| commonAdverseEffect |
cough
ⓘ
headache ⓘ throat irritation ⓘ |
| contraindicatedIn | patients with severe milk protein allergy ⓘ |
| developedBy |
Biota Holdings
ⓘ
GlaxoSmithKline ⓘ |
| discoveredAt | Monash University ⓘ |
| discoveredBy | Mark von Itzstein ⓘ |
| effectiveAgainst |
2009 H1N1 influenza A virus
ⓘ
oseltamivir-resistant influenza strains (some) ⓘ |
| eliminatedBy | renal excretion ⓘ |
| hasAdministrationFrequency |
once daily for prophylaxis (typical regimen)
ⓘ
twice daily for treatment (typical regimen) ⓘ |
| hasATCCode | J05AH01 ⓘ |
| hasBioavailability | very low oral bioavailability ⓘ |
| hasBrandName |
Relenza
ⓘ
linked to:
zanamivir
|
| hasCASNumber | 139110-80-8 ⓘ |
| hasChemicalFormula | C12H20N4O7 ⓘ |
| hasDrugBankID | DB00558 ⓘ |
| hasEliminationHalfLife | approximately 2.5 to 5 hours ⓘ |
| hasIUPACName | (2R,3R,4S)-4-guanidino-3-acetamido-2-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid ⓘ |
| hasMolarMass | 332.31 g/mol ⓘ |
| hasPregnancyCategory | B (US, historical classification) ⓘ |
| hasProteinBinding | low protein binding ⓘ |
| hasPubChemCID | 60855 ⓘ |
| hasRouteOfAdministration |
inhalation
ⓘ
intranasal ⓘ intravenous ⓘ oral (investigational, low bioavailability) ⓘ |
| hasUNII | L6O9Y65WGF ⓘ |
| inhibits |
influenza A neuraminidase
ⓘ
influenza B neuraminidase ⓘ |
| isHydrophilic | true ⓘ |
| isOn | WHO Model List of Essential Medicines ⓘ |
| mechanismOfAction | neuraminidase inhibition ⓘ |
| seriousAdverseEffect |
allergic reactions
ⓘ
bronchospasm ⓘ |
| targets | influenza virus neuraminidase ⓘ |
| usedFor |
prophylaxis of influenza A infection
ⓘ
prophylaxis of influenza B infection ⓘ treatment of influenza A infection ⓘ treatment of influenza B infection ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: zanamivir Description of subject: Zanamivir is an inhaled neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral drug used to treat and prevent influenza A and B infections, including strains such as the 2009 H1N1 virus.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: zanamivir
linked to: zanamivir