Paschen series
E632344
The Paschen series is a set of spectral lines in the infrared region of the hydrogen atom’s emission spectrum corresponding to electron transitions ending at the n=3 energy level.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Paschen series canonical | 4 |
| Paschen limit | 1 |
| Paschen series of hydrogen | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T6938849 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paschen series Context triple: [Rydberg constant, relatesTo, Paschen series]
-
A.
Balmer series of hydrogen
The Balmer series of hydrogen is the set of spectral emission lines in the visible region produced when electrons in a hydrogen atom transition from higher energy levels down to the second principal energy level.
-
B.
Lyman series in hydrogen spectrum
The Lyman series in the hydrogen spectrum is a set of ultraviolet emission or absorption lines produced when electrons in hydrogen atoms transition from higher energy levels down to the ground state (n=1).
-
C.
Rydberg formula
The Rydberg formula is an equation in atomic physics that predicts the wavelengths of spectral lines of hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms using the Rydberg constant.
-
D.
Brackett
Brackett is a family name of English origin that appears as the middle name of Harriet Brackett Spence Lowell, reflecting a common practice of preserving maternal or ancestral surnames.
-
E.
Fraunhofer lines
Fraunhofer lines are the dark absorption lines observed in the solar spectrum that reveal the presence and properties of elements in the Sun’s atmosphere and intervening gases.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paschen series Target entity description: The Paschen series is a set of spectral lines in the infrared region of the hydrogen atom’s emission spectrum corresponding to electron transitions ending at the n=3 energy level.
-
A.
Balmer series of hydrogen
The Balmer series of hydrogen is the set of spectral emission lines in the visible region produced when electrons in a hydrogen atom transition from higher energy levels down to the second principal energy level.
-
B.
Lyman series in hydrogen spectrum
The Lyman series in the hydrogen spectrum is a set of ultraviolet emission or absorption lines produced when electrons in hydrogen atoms transition from higher energy levels down to the ground state (n=1).
-
C.
Rydberg formula
The Rydberg formula is an equation in atomic physics that predicts the wavelengths of spectral lines of hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms using the Rydberg constant.
-
D.
Brackett
Brackett is a family name of English origin that appears as the middle name of Harriet Brackett Spence Lowell, reflecting a common practice of preserving maternal or ancestral surnames.
-
E.
Fraunhofer lines
Fraunhofer lines are the dark absorption lines observed in the solar spectrum that reveal the presence and properties of elements in the Sun’s atmosphere and intervening gases.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
hydrogen spectral series
ⓘ
spectral line series ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | infrared series of hydrogen ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
atomic hydrogen
ⓘ
hydrogen-like ions (approximate) ⓘ |
| associatedWith | hydrogen atom ⓘ |
| category | atomic spectroscopy ⓘ |
| describes | electron transitions ending at n=3 in hydrogen ⓘ |
| discoveredBy | Friedrich Paschen ⓘ |
| discoveryYear | 1908 ⓘ |
| electromagneticRegion | infrared ⓘ |
| energyLevelModel |
Bohr model of hydrogen
ⓘ
linked to:
Bohr model of the atom
|
| finalPrincipalQuantumNumber | 3 ⓘ |
| firstLineTransition | n=4 to n=3 ⓘ |
| formula | 1/λ = R_H (1/3² − 1/n²), n>3 ⓘ |
| generalTransition | n>3 to n=3 ⓘ |
| hasLineDesignation |
Paα
ⓘ
Paβ ⓘ Paγ ⓘ |
| longestWavelengthApprox | 1875 nm ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Friedrich Paschen ⓘ |
| occursWhen | electron relaxes to n=3 level ⓘ |
| partOf | hydrogen emission spectrum ⓘ |
| PaαTransition | n=4 to n=3 ⓘ |
| PaβTransition | n=5 to n=3 ⓘ |
| PaγTransition | n=6 to n=3 ⓘ |
| photonType | infrared photon emission ⓘ |
| quantumNumberChange | Δn ≥ 1 ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Balmer series
ⓘ
linked to:
Balmer series of hydrogen
Brackett series ⓘ Humphreys series ⓘ
linked to:
Humphreys series of hydrogen
Lyman series ⓘ
linked to:
Lyman series in hydrogen spectrum
Pfund series ⓘ |
| secondLineTransition | n=5 to n=3 ⓘ |
| selectionRule | Δl = ±1 ⓘ |
| shortestWavelengthApprox | 820 nm ⓘ |
| shortestWavelengthLimit |
Paschen limit
ⓘ
linked to:
Paschen series
|
| shortestWavelengthTransitionLimit | n=∞ to n=3 ⓘ |
| thirdLineTransition | n=6 to n=3 ⓘ |
| transitionType | emission ⓘ |
| usedIn |
astrophysical spectroscopy
ⓘ
plasma diagnostics ⓘ stellar atmosphere studies ⓘ |
| usesRydbergConstant | R_H ⓘ |
| wavelengthRange |
mid infrared
ⓘ
near infrared ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Paschen series Description of subject: The Paschen series is a set of spectral lines in the infrared region of the hydrogen atom’s emission spectrum corresponding to electron transitions ending at the n=3 energy level.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Paschen series
linked to: Paschen series