Balmer series of hydrogen
E408510
The Balmer series of hydrogen is the set of spectral emission lines in the visible region produced when electrons in a hydrogen atom transition from higher energy levels down to the second principal energy level.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Balmer series | 2 |
| Balmer series of hydrogen canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4046082 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Balmer series of hydrogen Context triple: [Bohr model of the atom, explains, Balmer series of hydrogen]
-
A.
Lyman series in hydrogen spectrum
The Lyman series in the hydrogen spectrum is a set of ultraviolet emission or absorption lines produced when electrons in hydrogen atoms transition from higher energy levels down to the ground state (n=1).
-
B.
Rydberg constant
The Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that characterizes the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (or lowest wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, playing a key role in atomic spectroscopy and quantum theory.
-
C.
Atombau und Spektrallinien
*Atombau und Spektrallinien* is Arnold Sommerfeld’s influential textbook on atomic structure and spectral lines that helped shape the development of early quantum theory.
-
D.
Stark effect
The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of atomic or molecular spectral lines caused by an external electric field.
-
E.
Sommerfeld fine-structure formula
The Sommerfeld fine-structure formula is a relativistic extension of the Bohr model that accurately predicts the fine-structure energy levels of the hydrogen atom.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Balmer series of hydrogen Target entity description: The Balmer series of hydrogen is the set of spectral emission lines in the visible region produced when electrons in a hydrogen atom transition from higher energy levels down to the second principal energy level.
-
A.
Lyman series in hydrogen spectrum
The Lyman series in the hydrogen spectrum is a set of ultraviolet emission or absorption lines produced when electrons in hydrogen atoms transition from higher energy levels down to the ground state (n=1).
-
B.
Rydberg constant
The Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that characterizes the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (or lowest wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, playing a key role in atomic spectroscopy and quantum theory.
-
C.
Atombau und Spektrallinien
*Atombau und Spektrallinien* is Arnold Sommerfeld’s influential textbook on atomic structure and spectral lines that helped shape the development of early quantum theory.
-
D.
Stark effect
The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of atomic or molecular spectral lines caused by an external electric field.
-
E.
Sommerfeld fine-structure formula
The Sommerfeld fine-structure formula is a relativistic extension of the Bohr model that accurately predicts the fine-structure energy levels of the hydrogen atom.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
atomic emission spectrum feature
ⓘ
spectral line series ⓘ |
| appliesTo | hydrogen atom ⓘ |
| approximateWavelengthRange | 400 nm to 700 nm ⓘ |
| canAlsoAppearAs | absorption line in stellar spectra ⓘ |
| correspondsTo | electron transitions from higher levels to n = 2 ⓘ |
| describedByFormula | 1/λ = R (1/2² − 1/n²) ⓘ |
| describes | visible spectral lines of hydrogen ⓘ |
| discoveredBy | Johann Balmer ⓘ |
| discoveryYear | 1885 ⓘ |
| energyChange | photon emission ⓘ |
| explainedBy |
Bohr model of hydrogen atom
ⓘ
linked to:
Bohr model of the atom
quantum mechanics ⓘ |
| H-alphaTransition | n = 3 to n = 2 ⓘ |
| H-alphaWavelength | 656.3 nm ⓘ |
| H-betaTransition | n = 4 to n = 2 ⓘ |
| H-betaWavelength | 486.1 nm ⓘ |
| H-deltaTransition | n = 6 to n = 2 ⓘ |
| H-deltaWavelength | 410.2 nm ⓘ |
| H-gammaTransition | n = 5 to n = 2 ⓘ |
| H-gammaWavelength | 434.0 nm ⓘ |
| hasFirstLineUpperLevel | principal quantum number n = 3 ⓘ |
| hasFourthLineUpperLevel | principal quantum number n = 6 ⓘ |
| hasLine |
H-alpha
ⓘ
H-beta ⓘ H-delta ⓘ H-gamma ⓘ |
| hasSecondLineUpperLevel | principal quantum number n = 4 ⓘ |
| hasSeriesLimit | n → ∞ to n = 2 ⓘ |
| hasThirdLineUpperLevel | principal quantum number n = 5 ⓘ |
| hasTransitionLowerLevel | principal quantum number n = 2 ⓘ |
| hasTransitionUpperLevel | principal quantum number n ≥ 3 ⓘ |
| isSubsetOf | hydrogen spectral series ⓘ |
| lineType | emission line ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Johann Balmer ⓘ |
| partOf | hydrogen emission spectrum ⓘ |
| photonEnergyRelation | E = hν = hc/λ ⓘ |
| relatedSeries |
Brackett series of hydrogen
ⓘ
Humphreys series of hydrogen ⓘ Lyman series of hydrogen ⓘ
linked to:
Lyman series in hydrogen spectrum
Paschen series of hydrogen ⓘ
linked to:
Paschen series
Pfund series of hydrogen ⓘ
linked to:
Pfund series
|
| RydbergConstantApproxValue | 1.097 × 10^7 m⁻¹ ⓘ |
| selectionRule | Δl = ±1 ⓘ |
| seriesLimitWavelengthApprox | 364.6 nm ⓘ |
| spectralRegion | visible ⓘ |
| usedIn |
determination of Rydberg constant
ⓘ
spectroscopic identification of hydrogen in stars ⓘ tests of Bohr model of the atom ⓘ |
| usesConstant | Rydberg constant ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Balmer series of hydrogen Description of subject: The Balmer series of hydrogen is the set of spectral emission lines in the visible region produced when electrons in a hydrogen atom transition from higher energy levels down to the second principal energy level.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Balmer series of hydrogen
linked to: Balmer series of hydrogen