Abrams v. United States
E56207
Abrams v. United States was a 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the conviction of antiwar activists under federal law and is best known for Justice Holmes’s famous dissent articulating the “marketplace of ideas” concept in free speech jurisprudence.
All labels observed (6)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T439837 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Abrams v. United States Context triple: [Espionage Act of 1917, usedInCase, Abrams v. United States]
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A.
Reynolds v. United States
Reynolds v. United States is an 1879 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the distinction between protected religious belief and regulable religiously motivated conduct, holding that the Free Exercise Clause does not excuse individuals from compliance with otherwise valid criminal laws such as those banning polygamy.
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B.
Printz v. United States
Printz v. United States is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited federal power by holding that Congress cannot compel state or local officials to implement federal regulatory programs.
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C.
Dickerson v. United States
Dickerson v. United States is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court case that reaffirmed the constitutional basis of Miranda warnings and held that Congress could not overrule Miranda v. Arizona by statute.
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D.
Bond v. United States
Bond v. United States is a 2011 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified an individual’s ability to raise Tenth Amendment challenges to federal statutes, reinforcing limits on federal power in favor of state sovereignty.
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E.
Briggs v. Elliott
Briggs v. Elliott was a landmark federal court case from South Carolina challenging racial segregation in public schools, and it became one of the key cases consolidated into Brown v. Board of Education.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Abrams v. United States Target entity description: Abrams v. United States was a 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the conviction of antiwar activists under federal law and is best known for Justice Holmes’s famous dissent articulating the “marketplace of ideas” concept in free speech jurisprudence.
-
A.
Reynolds v. United States
Reynolds v. United States is an 1879 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the distinction between protected religious belief and regulable religiously motivated conduct, holding that the Free Exercise Clause does not excuse individuals from compliance with otherwise valid criminal laws such as those banning polygamy.
-
B.
Printz v. United States
Printz v. United States is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited federal power by holding that Congress cannot compel state or local officials to implement federal regulatory programs.
-
C.
Dickerson v. United States
Dickerson v. United States is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court case that reaffirmed the constitutional basis of Miranda warnings and held that Congress could not overrule Miranda v. Arizona by statute.
-
D.
Bond v. United States
Bond v. United States is a 2011 U.S. Supreme Court case that clarified an individual’s ability to raise Tenth Amendment challenges to federal statutes, reinforcing limits on federal power in favor of state sovereignty.
-
E.
Briggs v. Elliott
Briggs v. Elliott was a landmark federal court case from South Carolina challenging racial segregation in public schools, and it became one of the key cases consolidated into Brown v. Board of Education.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
First Amendment case
ⓘ
U.S. Supreme Court case ⓘ free speech case ⓘ |
| category |
United States Supreme Court cases of the White Court
ⓘ
United States free speech case law ⓘ |
| citation |
250 U.S. 616
ⓘ
40 S. Ct. 17 ⓘ 63 L. Ed. 1173 ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInterpreted | First Amendment ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| decisionDate | 1919-11-10 ⓘ |
| defendants |
Hyman Lachowsky
ⓘ
Jacob Abrams ⓘ Jacob Schwartz ⓘ Mollie Steimer ⓘ Samuel Lipman ⓘ |
| dissentingOpinionBy |
Louis D. Brandeis
ⓘ
linked to:
Justice Louis D. Brandeis
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ⓘ |
| era | World War I free speech cases ⓘ |
| famousFor |
Justice Holmes’s dissenting opinion
ⓘ
articulation of the marketplace of ideas concept ⓘ |
| fullName |
Jacob Abrams et al. v. United States
ⓘ
linked to:
Abrams v. United States
|
| historicalContext | United States participation in World War I ⓘ |
| holding |
held that the leaflets posed a sufficient danger to be punished under the Espionage Act as amended
ⓘ
upheld convictions of defendants for distributing leaflets criticizing U.S. involvement in World War I ⓘ |
| introducedConcept | marketplace of ideas in free speech jurisprudence ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
Espionage Act of 1917
ⓘ
First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ⓘ Sedition Act of 1918 ⓘ freedom of speech ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | John Hessin Clarke ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
Debs v. United States
ⓘ
Frohwerk v. United States ⓘ Gitlow v. New York ⓘ Schenck v. United States ⓘ |
| result | convictions affirmed ⓘ |
| speechContent |
call for a general strike in munitions production
ⓘ
criticism of U.S. intervention in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution ⓘ |
| speechTypeAtIssue | leaflets in English and Yiddish ⓘ |
| standardAppliedByMajority | bad tendency test ⓘ |
| standardDiscussedInDissent | clear and present danger test ⓘ |
| statuteApplied |
Espionage Act of 1917
ⓘ
Sedition Act of 1918 ⓘ |
| subsequentInfluence |
cited in later Supreme Court opinions on the First Amendment
ⓘ
influenced later free speech jurisprudence ⓘ |
| topic |
World War I dissent
ⓘ
antiwar activism ⓘ political speech ⓘ |
| vote | 7–2 ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 1919 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Abrams v. United States Description of subject: Abrams v. United States was a 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the conviction of antiwar activists under federal law and is best known for Justice Holmes’s famous dissent articulating the “marketplace of ideas” concept in free speech jurisprudence.
Referenced by (17)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Abrams v. United States
linked to: Abrams v. United States
linked to: Abrams v. United States
linked to: Abrams v. United States
Hyman Lachowsky
→
caseSignificance
→
Abrams v. United States later cited as a key step toward modern free speech protections
ⓘ
linked to: Abrams v. United States
linked to: Abrams v. United States