Frohwerk v. United States
E55132
Frohwerk v. United States is a 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld a conviction for antiwar newspaper articles, reinforcing broad federal power to punish speech deemed obstructive to World War I military recruitment.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Frohwerk v. United States canonical | 10 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T439836 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Frohwerk v. United States Context triple: [Espionage Act of 1917, usedInCase, Frohwerk v. United States]
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A.
United States v. Darby
United States v. Darby is a 1941 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal labor regulations under the Commerce Clause and marked a broad expansion of federal power over economic activity.
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B.
Reynolds v. United States
Reynolds v. United States is an 1879 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the distinction between protected religious belief and regulable religiously motivated conduct, holding that the Free Exercise Clause does not excuse individuals from compliance with otherwise valid criminal laws such as those banning polygamy.
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C.
United States v. Comstock
United States v. Comstock is a 2010 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s authority to civilly commit mentally ill, sexually dangerous federal prisoners beyond their release date under the Constitution’s Necessary and Proper Clause.
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D.
Printz v. United States
Printz v. United States is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited federal power by holding that Congress cannot compel state or local officials to implement federal regulatory programs.
-
E.
Bolling v. Sharpe
Bolling v. Sharpe is a 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that held racial segregation in Washington, D.C. public schools unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Frohwerk v. United States Target entity description: Frohwerk v. United States is a 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld a conviction for antiwar newspaper articles, reinforcing broad federal power to punish speech deemed obstructive to World War I military recruitment.
-
A.
United States v. Darby
United States v. Darby is a 1941 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld federal labor regulations under the Commerce Clause and marked a broad expansion of federal power over economic activity.
-
B.
Reynolds v. United States
Reynolds v. United States is an 1879 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the distinction between protected religious belief and regulable religiously motivated conduct, holding that the Free Exercise Clause does not excuse individuals from compliance with otherwise valid criminal laws such as those banning polygamy.
-
C.
United States v. Comstock
United States v. Comstock is a 2010 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld Congress’s authority to civilly commit mentally ill, sexually dangerous federal prisoners beyond their release date under the Constitution’s Necessary and Proper Clause.
-
D.
Printz v. United States
Printz v. United States is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited federal power by holding that Congress cannot compel state or local officials to implement federal regulatory programs.
-
E.
Bolling v. Sharpe
Bolling v. Sharpe is a 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case that held racial segregation in Washington, D.C. public schools unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
First Amendment case
ⓘ
United States Supreme Court case ⓘ criminal law case ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
constitutional law
ⓘ
criminal law ⓘ freedom of expression ⓘ |
| authorOfMajorityOpinion | Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ⓘ |
| category |
Espionage Act prosecution
ⓘ
United States free speech case ⓘ |
| citation | 249 U.S. 204 ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInvolved |
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
ⓘ
freedom of speech clause ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| courtMembership | White Court ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1919 ⓘ |
| decisionYear | 1919 ⓘ |
| doctrine | clear and present danger test (early application) ⓘ |
| era | World War I era ⓘ |
| fullCaseName | Frohwerk v. United States ⓘ |
| governmentActionChallenged | federal criminal prosecution for antiwar publications ⓘ |
| hasJurisdiction | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| historicalContext | World War I ⓘ |
| holding |
The First Amendment did not bar prosecution of the defendant's antiwar publications under the circumstances of the case.
ⓘ
The Supreme Court held that the federal government could punish speech deemed to obstruct military recruitment during World War I. ⓘ The Supreme Court upheld the defendant's conviction for antiwar newspaper articles under the Espionage Act. ⓘ |
| impact |
contributed to early restrictive interpretation of First Amendment free speech protections
ⓘ
reinforced broad federal power to punish wartime speech deemed obstructive to military recruitment ⓘ |
| languageOfCourt | English ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
federal power to punish obstruction of military recruitment
ⓘ
freedom of speech ⓘ scope of First Amendment protections during wartime ⓘ |
| levelOfCourt | court of last resort ⓘ |
| opinionBy | Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ⓘ |
| pageInUnitedStatesReports | 204 ⓘ |
| petitioner | Frohwerk ⓘ |
| precedentStatus | binding precedent in federal courts unless overruled or limited ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
Abrams v. United States
ⓘ
Debs v. United States ⓘ Schenck v. United States ⓘ |
| respondent |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| result | conviction affirmed ⓘ |
| statuteInterpreted | Espionage Act of 1917 ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
antiwar newspaper articles
ⓘ
criticism of U.S. participation in World War I ⓘ |
| timePeriod | early 20th century ⓘ |
| unanimousDecision | true ⓘ |
| volumeInUnitedStatesReports | 249 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Frohwerk v. United States Description of subject: Frohwerk v. United States is a 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld a conviction for antiwar newspaper articles, reinforcing broad federal power to punish speech deemed obstructive to World War I military recruitment.
Referenced by (10)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
The First Amendment did not bar prosecution of the defendant's antiwar publications under the circumstances of the case
→
isCentralHoldingOf
→
Frohwerk v. United States
ⓘ
The First Amendment did not bar prosecution of the defendant's antiwar publications under the circumstances of the case
→
relatedCase
→
Frohwerk v. United States
ⓘ