Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act

E5516

The Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act was a 1930 U.S. law that sharply raised import duties, widely blamed for worsening international trade tensions and deepening the Great Depression.

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AI-generated illustration of Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act

This AI-generated illustration was produced by black-forest-labs/FLUX.2-dev (1024x1024) from a prompt written by openai/gpt-oss-120b from the entity's label + description.

Prompt

Generate an image of the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act (The Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act was a 1930 U.S. law that sharply raised import duties, widely blamed for worsening international trade tensions and deepening the Great Depression.)

All labels observed (5)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (48)

Predicate Object
instanceOf United States federal statute ⓘ
protectionist trade policy ⓘ
tariff law ⓘ
alsoKnownAs Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
appliesTo customs duties on imported goods into the United States ⓘ
associatedWith Herbert Hoover administration ⓘ
country United States ⓘ
criticizedFor deepening the Great Depression ⓘ
worsening international trade tensions ⓘ
effect contributed to contraction of world trade ⓘ
increased average U.S. tariff rates to historically high levels ⓘ
provoked retaliatory tariffs by other countries ⓘ
raised U.S. tariffs on many imported goods ⓘ
enactedBy United States Congress ⓘ
hasConsequence decline in U.S. exports due to retaliation ⓘ
decline in U.S. imports ⓘ
historicalContext Great Depression ⓘ
implementedDuring Herbert Hoover presidency ⓘ
influenced subsequent U.S. trade policy debates ⓘ
introducedIn United States Senate ⓘ
jurisdiction United States federal government ⓘ
language English ⓘ
legalStatus amended by later trade legislation ⓘ
legislativeChamber United States House of Representatives ⓘ
United States Senate ⓘ
motivatedBy desire to protect American farmers ⓘ
desire to protect American manufacturers ⓘ
namedAfter Reed Smoot ⓘ
Willis C. Hawley ⓘ
opposedBy President Herbert Hoover’s economic advisers ⓘ
business groups favoring free trade ⓘ
many economists ⓘ
partOf history of United States trade policy ⓘ
policyType protectionism ⓘ
politicalSupportFrom Republican Party (United States) ⓘ
linked to: Republican Party
regionAffected global trade system ⓘ
replaced Fordney–McCumber Tariff ⓘ
shortName Smoot–Hawley Tariff ⓘ
signedBy Herbert Hoover ⓘ
signingDate 1930-06-17 ⓘ
sponsor Reed Smoot ⓘ
Willis C. Hawley ⓘ
subjectMatter customs tariffs ⓘ
import duties ⓘ
international trade ⓘ
timePeriod interwar period ⓘ
usedAsExampleOf dangers of protectionism in economic literature ⓘ
yearEnacted 1930 ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (29)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Great Depression → hasKeyEvent → Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act ⓘ
Ottawa Agreements → relatedTo → Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act ⓘ
Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act → shortName → Smoot–Hawley Tariff ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act → alsoKnownAs → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act → relatedTo → Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act ⓘ
Herbert Hoover administration → notableLegislation → Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act ⓘ
Fordney–McCumber Tariff → followedBy → Smoot–Hawley Tariff ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Fordney–McCumber Tariff → followedBy → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Fordney–McCumber Tariff → repealedBy → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Reed Smoot → notableWork → Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Reed Smoot → coSponsorOf → Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Reed Smoot → knownFor → Smoot–Hawley Tariff ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
United States International Trade Commission → legalBasis → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
subject linked to: International Trade Commission
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
United States International Trade Commission → legalAuthority → Title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
subject linked to: International Trade Commission
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Customs Courts Act of 1980 → relatedTo → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
United States v. One Book Called Ulysses → statuteApplied → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Willis C. Hawley → notableWork → Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act ⓘ
Willis C. Hawley → sponsorOf → Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act ⓘ
Uruguay Round Agreements Act → amends → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
United States customs statutes → includes → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Reed Smoot → notableFor → Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act ⓘ
subject linked to: Smoot
Section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930 → partOf → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Office of the General Counsel (USITC) → governingLaw → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
subject linked to: Office of the General Counsel
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
United States tariff law → primaryStatute → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
United States tariff law → primaryStatute → Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act ⓘ
Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 → amends → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Public Law 93-618 → amends → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
Public Law 103-465 → amends → Tariff Act of 1930 ⓘ
linked to: Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act