NAD+

E376853

coenzyme pyridine nucleotide redox cofactor

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a vital coenzyme in cellular redox reactions and energy metabolism, central to processes like glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

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All labels observed (2)

Label	Occurrences
NAD+ canonical	1
NADH	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3670754 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: NAD+
Context triple: [tryptophan, isPrecursorOf, NAD+]

A. DHA
DHA is the vehicle registration code used on motor vehicles registered in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh.
B. B12
B12 is the common shorthand used to refer to the Big 12 Conference, a major collegiate athletic conference in the United States.
C. NADW
NADW is a cold, dense water mass formed in the North Atlantic that sinks and flows southward, playing a key role in the global ocean circulation and climate system.
D. NAC
The North Atlantic Council (NAC) is NATO’s principal political decision-making body, bringing together member states’ representatives to oversee and guide the alliance’s policies and operations.
E. FAD
FAD is the Faculty of Arts and Design at the University of Canberra, offering creative and humanities-focused education and research programs.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: NAD+
Target entity description: NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a vital coenzyme in cellular redox reactions and energy metabolism, central to processes like glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

A. DHA
DHA is the vehicle registration code used on motor vehicles registered in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh.
B. B12
B12 is the common shorthand used to refer to the Big 12 Conference, a major collegiate athletic conference in the United States.
C. NADW
NADW is a cold, dense water mass formed in the North Atlantic that sinks and flows southward, playing a key role in the global ocean circulation and climate system.
D. NAC
The North Atlantic Council (NAC) is NATO’s principal political decision-making body, bringing together member states’ representatives to oversee and guide the alliance’s policies and operations.
E. FAD
FAD is the Faculty of Arts and Design at the University of Canberra, offering creative and humanities-focused education and research programs.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (85)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	coenzyme ⓘ pyridine nucleotide ⓘ redox cofactor ⓘ
containsMoiety	adenine ⓘ nicotinamide ⓘ phosphate group ⓘ
hasAbbreviation	NAD ⓘ
hasBiologicalKingdom	present in archaea ⓘ present in bacteria ⓘ present in eukaryotes ⓘ
hasCellularLocation	cytosol ⓘ mitochondrial matrix ⓘ nucleus ⓘ peroxisomes ⓘ
hasCharge	+1 ⓘ
hasComponent	adenosine monophosphate ⓘ nicotinamide mononucleotide ⓘ pyrophosphate bridge ⓘ ribose ⓘ
hasFullName	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ⓘ
hasHighRatioTo	NADH in cytosol ⓘ
hasIUPACName	β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ⓘ
hasOxidationState	oxidized form ⓘ
hasRole	electron carrier ⓘ hydride acceptor ⓘ metabolic regulator ⓘ signaling molecule precursor ⓘ substrate for ADP-ribosylation ⓘ substrate for protein deacetylation ⓘ
hasTypicalRatioTo	NADH ⓘ
isAffectedBy	aging ⓘ caloric restriction ⓘ exercise ⓘ inflammation ⓘ
isBiosynthesizedFrom	nicotinamide ⓘ nicotinamide riboside ⓘ nicotinic acid ⓘ tryptophan ⓘ
isBiosynthesizedVia	Preiss–Handler pathway ⓘ de novo pathway from tryptophan ⓘ salvage pathway from nicotinamide ⓘ salvage pathway from nicotinamide riboside ⓘ
isCatabolizedBy	CD38 ⓘ NADases ⓘ PARP overactivation ⓘ
isCofactorFor	alcohol dehydrogenase ⓘ complex I of electron transport chain ⓘ oxidoreductases ⓘ
isConvertedBy	dehydrogenase-catalyzed reactions ⓘ
isConvertedTo	NADH ⓘ
isPrecursorOf	NADP+ ⓘ
isRequiredFor	ATP production ⓘ cell survival ⓘ genome stability ⓘ mitochondrial respiration ⓘ redox homeostasis ⓘ
isSubstrateOf	ADP-ribosyltransferases ⓘ CD38 ⓘ PARP enzymes ⓘ dehydrogenases ⓘ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ⓘ isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+-dependent) ⓘ lactate dehydrogenase ⓘ malate dehydrogenase ⓘ sirtuins ⓘ
isTargetOf	NAD+ boosters ⓘ nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation ⓘ nicotinamide riboside supplementation ⓘ
participatesIn	DNA repair pathways ⓘ Krebs cycle ⓘ alcohol fermentation ⓘ beta-oxidation of fatty acids ⓘ calcium signaling via CD38 ⓘ citric acid cycle ⓘ glycolysis ⓘ lactate fermentation ⓘ oxidative phosphorylation ⓘ pentose phosphate pathway ⓘ poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation ⓘ sirtuin-mediated deacetylation ⓘ tricarboxylic acid cycle ⓘ
redoxPairWith	NADH ⓘ
regulates	PARP activity ⓘ cellular redox state ⓘ sirtuin activity ⓘ