European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones)
E353361
European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) is a landmark WTO dispute in which the Appellate Body ruled on the legality of the EU’s ban on hormone-treated beef under international trade and health protection rules.
All labels observed (4)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3389720 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) Context triple: [WTO Appellate Body, notableCase, European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones)]
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A.
Regulation (EC) No 45/2001
Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 is an EU law that sets out data protection rules for the processing of personal data by EU institutions and bodies.
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B.
Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Council Directive 92/43/EEC is a key European Union law on the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora, forming one of the main pillars of EU nature protection policy.
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C.
Combined Nomenclature of the European Union
The Combined Nomenclature of the European Union is the EU’s detailed tariff and statistical classification system for goods used in customs declarations and trade statistics.
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D.
Regulation (EC) No 851/2004
Regulation (EC) No 851/2004 is the EU law that established the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and defined its mandate, structure, and functions in coordinating infectious disease surveillance and control across member states.
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E.
Regulation (EC) No 294/2008
Regulation (EC) No 294/2008 is the EU legislative act that established the European Institute of Innovation and Technology and set out its mission, structure, and operating framework.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) Target entity description: European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) is a landmark WTO dispute in which the Appellate Body ruled on the legality of the EU’s ban on hormone-treated beef under international trade and health protection rules.
-
A.
Regulation (EC) No 45/2001
Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 is an EU law that sets out data protection rules for the processing of personal data by EU institutions and bodies.
-
B.
Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Council Directive 92/43/EEC is a key European Union law on the conservation of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora, forming one of the main pillars of EU nature protection policy.
-
C.
Combined Nomenclature of the European Union
The Combined Nomenclature of the European Union is the EU’s detailed tariff and statistical classification system for goods used in customs declarations and trade statistics.
-
D.
Regulation (EC) No 851/2004
Regulation (EC) No 851/2004 is the EU law that established the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and defined its mandate, structure, and functions in coordinating infectious disease surveillance and control across member states.
-
E.
Regulation (EC) No 294/2008
Regulation (EC) No 294/2008 is the EU legislative act that established the European Institute of Innovation and Technology and set out its mission, structure, and operating framework.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
WTO dispute
ⓘ
health protection dispute ⓘ trade dispute ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
EC – Hormones
ⓘ
EC – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) ⓘ |
| appellateBodyReportAdopted | 1998 ⓘ |
| complainant |
Canada
ⓘ
United States ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| foundInconsistentWith |
SPS Agreement Article 3.3
ⓘ
SPS Agreement Article 5.1 ⓘ
linked to:
SPS Agreement
|
| GATTArticlesInvolved |
Article III
ⓘ
Article XI ⓘ Article XX(b) ⓘ |
| geographicalScope | European Communities beef market ⓘ |
| hormonesConcerned |
estradiol-17β
ⓘ
melengestrol acetate ⓘ progesterone ⓘ testosterone ⓘ trenbolone acetate ⓘ zeranol ⓘ |
| keyIssue |
equivalence and harmonization of SPS measures
ⓘ
relationship between scientific evidence and precaution in SPS measures ⓘ requirement of risk assessment for SPS measures ⓘ scope of Article 5.7 SPS Agreement ⓘ |
| legalBasisChallenged |
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
ⓘ
GATT 1994 ⓘ
linked to:
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
|
| measureChallenged |
EC Council Directive 96/22/EC
ⓘ
EC Council Directive 96/23/EC ⓘ
linked to:
EC Council Directive 96/22/EC
|
| organization | World Trade Organization ⓘ |
| panelEstablished | 1996 ⓘ |
| panelReportCirculated | 1997 ⓘ |
| policyArea |
food safety regulation
ⓘ
international trade law ⓘ |
| principleClarified |
burden of proof in SPS disputes
ⓘ
meaning of "based on" international standards in SPS Article 3 ⓘ standard of review for scientific risk assessments ⓘ |
| relatedDispute |
European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) – Recourse to Arbitration by the European Communities under Article 22.6 of the DSU
ⓘ
European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) – Second Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by the United States ⓘ |
| respondent |
European Communities
ⓘ
linked to:
European Economic Community
|
| retaliationForm | increased duties on selected EC products ⓘ |
| scientificReferenceBodyDiscussed | Codex Alimentarius Commission ⓘ |
| SPSAgreementArticlesInvolved |
Article 2
ⓘ
Article 3 ⓘ Article 5 ⓘ Article 8 ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
ban on imports of hormone-treated beef
ⓘ
use of growth-promoting hormones in cattle ⓘ |
| subsequentDevelopment | authorization of US retaliation against EC ⓘ |
| WTOBodyAdoptingReport | Dispute Settlement Body ⓘ |
| WTOdisputeNumber |
DS26
ⓘ
DS48 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) Description of subject: European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) is a landmark WTO dispute in which the Appellate Body ruled on the legality of the EU’s ban on hormone-treated beef under international trade and health protection rules.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
WTO Appellate Body
→
notableCase
→
European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones)
ⓘ
European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones)
→
alsoKnownAs
→
EC – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones)
ⓘ
linked to: European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones)
European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones)
→
relatedDispute
→
European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) – Recourse to Arbitration by the European Communities under Article 22.6 of the DSU
ⓘ
linked to: European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones)
European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones)
→
relatedDispute
→
European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) – Second Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by the United States
ⓘ
linked to: European Communities – Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones)