Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools
E108701
Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools is a landmark 1992 U.S. Supreme Court decision that established students can seek monetary damages for intentional sex discrimination under Title IX.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools canonical | 6 |
| Franklin v. Gwinnett County | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T913282 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools Context triple: [Title IX, notableCase, Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools]
-
A.
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education was an 1899 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation in public education by allowing a Georgia county to close a Black high school while maintaining white schools, reinforcing the “separate but equal” doctrine later challenged in Brown v. Board of Education.
-
B.
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court case that held student-led, student-initiated prayer at public school football games unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause.
-
C.
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 is a 2007 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited the use of race in public school student assignment plans under the Equal Protection Clause.
-
D.
Lee v. Weisman
Lee v. Weisman is a 1992 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held clergy-led prayer at public school graduation ceremonies unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause.
-
E.
Plyler v. Doe
Plyler v. Doe is a 1982 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held states cannot deny free public education to children based on their immigration status, recognizing such exclusion as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools Target entity description: Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools is a landmark 1992 U.S. Supreme Court decision that established students can seek monetary damages for intentional sex discrimination under Title IX.
-
A.
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education was an 1899 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation in public education by allowing a Georgia county to close a Black high school while maintaining white schools, reinforcing the “separate but equal” doctrine later challenged in Brown v. Board of Education.
-
B.
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe is a 2000 U.S. Supreme Court case that held student-led, student-initiated prayer at public school football games unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause.
-
C.
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 is a 2007 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited the use of race in public school student assignment plans under the Equal Protection Clause.
-
D.
Lee v. Weisman
Lee v. Weisman is a 1992 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held clergy-led prayer at public school graduation ceremonies unconstitutional under the Establishment Clause.
-
E.
Plyler v. Doe
Plyler v. Doe is a 1982 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held states cannot deny free public education to children based on their immigration status, recognizing such exclusion as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
landmark Title IX case ⓘ |
| allegation |
school officials failed to respond adequately to reports of harassment
ⓘ
student subjected to sexual harassment by a teacher ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
recipients of federal education funds
ⓘ
students alleging sex discrimination in education programs ⓘ |
| arguedDate | 1991-10-09 ⓘ |
| citation | 503 U.S. 60 ⓘ |
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1992-02-26 ⓘ |
| decisionType | unanimous decision ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 90-918 ⓘ |
| federalLawBasis | Spending Clause legislation ⓘ |
| fullName | Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools ⓘ |
| holding |
A student may recover compensatory damages for intentional sex discrimination under Title IX
ⓘ
Monetary damages are available in private actions under Title IX for intentional violations ⓘ Where legal rights have been invaded and a federal statute provides a general right to sue, federal courts may use any available remedy to make good the wrong done ⓘ |
| issue |
Scope of remedies under an implied private right of action in Title IX
ⓘ
Whether monetary damages are available in a private action to enforce Title IX ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| legalArea |
civil rights law
ⓘ
education law ⓘ federal statutory interpretation ⓘ sex discrimination law ⓘ |
| locationOfFacts | Gwinnett County, Georgia ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Byron R. White ⓘ |
| opinionType | majority opinion ⓘ |
| page | 60 ⓘ |
| petitioner | Christine Franklin ⓘ |
| precedentFor |
Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education
ⓘ
Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District ⓘ Title IX sexual harassment litigation ⓘ |
| programTypeInvolved | public high school ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
federal funding conditions
ⓘ
implied private right of action ⓘ intentional discrimination ⓘ sexual harassment in schools ⓘ |
| remedySought | monetary damages ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| respondent | Gwinnett County Public Schools ⓘ |
| result |
Confirmed availability of compensatory damages for Title IX violations
ⓘ
Expanded remedies available to plaintiffs in Title IX cases ⓘ |
| shortName |
Franklin v. Gwinnett County
ⓘ
linked to:
Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools
|
| statuteInterpreted |
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
ⓘ
linked to:
Title IX
|
| subsequentImpact |
Influenced development of school district liability standards for sex discrimination
ⓘ
Strengthened enforcement of Title IX in educational institutions ⓘ |
| volume | 503 ⓘ |
| vote | 9-0 ⓘ |
| yearDecided | 1992 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools Description of subject: Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools is a landmark 1992 U.S. Supreme Court decision that established students can seek monetary damages for intentional sex discrimination under Title IX.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools
→
fullName
→
Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools
ⓘ
linked to: Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools
Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District
→
relatedTo
→
Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools
ⓘ
Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education
→
relatedTo
→
Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools
ⓘ
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
→
interpretedIn
→
Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools
ⓘ
subject linked to:
Christine Franklin