BCG vaccine
E104005
The BCG vaccine is a widely used immunization that primarily protects against severe forms of tuberculosis, especially in young children.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| BCG vaccine canonical | 5 |
| Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine | 2 |
| BCG | 1 |
| BCG vaccine (with collaborators) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T875676 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: BCG vaccine Context triple: [Expanded Programme on Immunization, usesVaccine, BCG vaccine]
-
A.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the pathogenic bacterial species that causes most cases of human tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission.
-
B.
Expanded Programme on Immunization
The Expanded Programme on Immunization is a global public health initiative that aims to ensure universal access to routine, life-saving vaccines, particularly for children in low- and middle-income countries.
-
C.
Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
-
D.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
-
E.
Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis is a highly virulent bacterium responsible for plague, including the historic pandemics of bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic forms.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: BCG vaccine Target entity description: The BCG vaccine is a widely used immunization that primarily protects against severe forms of tuberculosis, especially in young children.
-
A.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the pathogenic bacterial species that causes most cases of human tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission.
-
B.
Expanded Programme on Immunization
The Expanded Programme on Immunization is a global public health initiative that aims to ensure universal access to routine, life-saving vaccines, particularly for children in low- and middle-income countries.
-
C.
Leqembi
Leqembi is an Alzheimer’s disease drug (lecanemab) that targets amyloid-beta plaques to slow cognitive decline in early-stage patients.
-
D.
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax in humans and animals.
-
E.
Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis is a highly virulent bacterium responsible for plague, including the historic pandemics of bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic forms.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
tuberculosis vaccine
ⓘ
vaccine ⓘ |
| abbreviation |
BCG
ⓘ
linked to:
BCG vaccine
|
| alsoUsedFor | treatment of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer ⓘ |
| boosterRecommendation | no routine booster recommended by WHO ⓘ |
| commonSideEffect |
local injection site reaction
ⓘ
permanent scar at injection site ⓘ small ulcer at injection site ⓘ |
| contraindication |
severe immunodeficiency
ⓘ
symptomatic HIV infection in infants ⓘ |
| derivedFrom | Mycobacterium bovis ⓘ |
| developedAt | Pasteur Institute of Lille ⓘ |
| developedBy |
Albert Calmette
ⓘ
Camille Guérin ⓘ |
| developmentStartYear | 1908 ⓘ |
| doesNotAffect | interferon-gamma release assay results significantly ⓘ |
| dosingSchedule | single dose at birth in high-burden countries ⓘ |
| effectOnTBTests | can cause false-positive tuberculin skin test ⓘ |
| efficacyRangePulmonaryTBAdults | 0–80 percent in studies ⓘ |
| efficacyVariation | varies by geography and population ⓘ |
| firstUsedInHumansYear | 1921 ⓘ |
| formulation | lyophilized powder for reconstitution ⓘ |
| fullName |
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine
ⓘ
linked to:
BCG vaccine
|
| globalUse | one of the most widely used vaccines worldwide ⓘ |
| highEfficacyFor | prevention of severe childhood TB forms ⓘ |
| includedIn | many national immunization programs ⓘ |
| mechanismInBladderCancer | stimulates local immune response in bladder ⓘ |
| notRoutinelyRecommendedIn | countries with low tuberculosis incidence ⓘ |
| organismType | live attenuated bacterium ⓘ |
| primaryUse | prevention of tuberculosis ⓘ |
| protectsAgainst |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
ⓘ
miliary tuberculosis ⓘ tuberculous meningitis ⓘ |
| protectsBestAgainst | severe forms of tuberculosis in children ⓘ |
| recommendedBy | World Health Organization ⓘ |
| recommendedIn | countries with high tuberculosis prevalence ⓘ |
| researchArea |
non-specific immune effects
ⓘ
potential protection against other infections ⓘ |
| routeOfAdministration | intradermal injection ⓘ |
| seriousAdverseEvent | disseminated BCG infection in severely immunocompromised individuals ⓘ |
| storageCondition | refrigerated ⓘ |
| strainType | attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis ⓘ |
| targetPopulation |
infants
ⓘ
newborns ⓘ young children ⓘ |
| typicalInjectionSite | upper arm ⓘ |
| WHOModelListStatus | included in WHO Model List of Essential Medicines ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: BCG vaccine Description of subject: The BCG vaccine is a widely used immunization that primarily protects against severe forms of tuberculosis, especially in young children.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
EPI
linked to: BCG vaccine
linked to: BCG vaccine
linked to: BCG vaccine
linked to: BCG vaccine