Surena
E909571
Surena was a prominent Parthian general famed for orchestrating the decisive defeat of the Roman forces under Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Surena canonical | 4 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11199261 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Surena Context triple: [Battle of Carrhae, commander, Surena]
-
A.
Támara
Támara is a small rural municipality in eastern Colombia known for its agricultural economy and location in the Andean foothills of the Casanare region.
-
B.
Galla
Galla was a Roman empress of the late 4th century, daughter of Emperor Valentinian I and wife of Emperor Theodosius I.
-
C.
Abela
Abela is a small civil parish in the municipality of Santiago do Cacém in Portugal’s Alentejo region.
-
D.
Lebbaeus
Lebbaeus is an alternative name traditionally associated with the apostle Thaddaeus, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus in the New Testament.
-
E.
Absyrtus
Absyrtus is a figure in Greek mythology, best known as the son of King Aeëtes of Colchis who was killed during Jason and the Argonauts’ flight with the Golden Fleece.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Surena Target entity description: Surena was a prominent Parthian general famed for orchestrating the decisive defeat of the Roman forces under Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC.
-
A.
Támara
Támara is a small rural municipality in eastern Colombia known for its agricultural economy and location in the Andean foothills of the Casanare region.
-
B.
Galla
Galla was a Roman empress of the late 4th century, daughter of Emperor Valentinian I and wife of Emperor Theodosius I.
-
C.
Abela
Abela is a small civil parish in the municipality of Santiago do Cacém in Portugal’s Alentejo region.
-
D.
Lebbaeus
Lebbaeus is an alternative name traditionally associated with the apostle Thaddaeus, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus in the New Testament.
-
E.
Absyrtus
Absyrtus is a figure in Greek mythology, best known as the son of King Aeëtes of Colchis who was killed during Jason and the Argonauts’ flight with the Golden Fleece.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Parthian general
ⓘ
battle ⓘ historical figure ⓘ military commander ⓘ |
| activePeriod | 53 BC ⓘ |
| allegiance | Parthian Empire ⓘ |
| approximateDeathDate | 1st century BC ⓘ |
| associatedWith | Roman–Parthian Wars ⓘ |
| combatant |
Parthian Empire
ⓘ
Roman Republic ⓘ |
| commander |
Marcus Licinius Crassus
ⓘ
Surena ⓘ |
| conflict | Roman–Parthian Wars ⓘ |
| consequenceOfVictory | major Roman losses in men and standards ⓘ |
| country | Parthian Empire ⓘ |
| date | 53 BC ⓘ |
| defeatedEntity |
Roman Republic army at Carrhae
ⓘ
linked to:
Battle of Carrhae
|
| era | 1st century BC ⓘ |
| ethnicity |
Parthian
ⓘ
linked to:
Parthia
|
| geographicTheater |
Northern Mesopotamia
ⓘ
linked to:
Upper Mesopotamia
|
| historicalSignificance |
demonstrated effectiveness of Parthian cavalry tactics
ⓘ
halted Roman eastward expansion temporarily ⓘ |
| knownFor |
commanding Parthian army at Carrhae
ⓘ
defeating Marcus Licinius Crassus ⓘ defeating Roman forces at the Battle of Carrhae ⓘ |
| languageContext | Middle Iranian world ⓘ |
| mentionedIn |
Plutarch's Life of Crassus
ⓘ
linked to:
Life of Crassus
|
| militaryAchievement | decisive victory over Roman legions at Carrhae ⓘ |
| notableBattle | Battle of Carrhae ⓘ |
| notableFor | strategic use of mobile cavalry against Roman infantry ⓘ |
| notableTrait |
command of large cavalry forces
ⓘ
military ingenuity ⓘ |
| opponent | Marcus Licinius Crassus ⓘ |
| opposedPower | Roman Republic ⓘ |
| rank | general ⓘ |
| region | Mesopotamia ⓘ |
| resultedIn | death of Marcus Licinius Crassus at Carrhae ⓘ |
| source | Plutarch ⓘ |
| tacticUsed |
cataphract cavalry
ⓘ
encirclement ⓘ feigned retreat ⓘ horse archers ⓘ |
| usedTroopType |
cataphracts
ⓘ
cavalry ⓘ horse archers ⓘ |
| usedWeaponType | composite bow ⓘ |
| victory | Battle of Carrhae ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Surena Description of subject: Surena was a prominent Parthian general famed for orchestrating the decisive defeat of the Roman forces under Crassus at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.