lac operon model

E906380

concept in molecular biology genetic regulatory model

The lac operon model is a foundational concept in molecular biology that explains how bacteria regulate gene expression in response to the presence or absence of lactose.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
lac operon model canonical	2
lac operon	1
lacY gene	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11120901 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: lac operon model
Context triple: [Jacques Monod, knownFor, lac operon model]

A. one gene–one enzyme hypothesis
The one gene–one enzyme hypothesis is a foundational concept in genetics proposing that each gene encodes a specific enzyme that affects a single step in a metabolic pathway.
B. A Genetic Switch: Phage Lambda and Higher Organisms
"A Genetic Switch: Phage Lambda and Higher Organisms" is a seminal molecular biology book that explains how gene regulation in bacteriophage lambda illuminates fundamental mechanisms of genetic control in more complex organisms.
C. bacteriophage lambda
Bacteriophage lambda is a temperate virus that infects Escherichia coli and serves as a classic model system for studying gene regulation, lysogeny, and molecular genetics.
D. Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism
The Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism is the primary biochemical route by which cells convert galactose into glucose-1-phosphate for entry into central energy and biosynthetic pathways.
E. Molecular Biology of the Gene
Molecular Biology of the Gene is a landmark molecular biology textbook, co-authored by James Watson, that helped define and systematize modern understanding of DNA structure, gene function, and genetic regulation.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: lac operon model
Target entity description: The lac operon model is a foundational concept in molecular biology that explains how bacteria regulate gene expression in response to the presence or absence of lactose.

A. one gene–one enzyme hypothesis
The one gene–one enzyme hypothesis is a foundational concept in genetics proposing that each gene encodes a specific enzyme that affects a single step in a metabolic pathway.
B. A Genetic Switch: Phage Lambda and Higher Organisms
"A Genetic Switch: Phage Lambda and Higher Organisms" is a seminal molecular biology book that explains how gene regulation in bacteriophage lambda illuminates fundamental mechanisms of genetic control in more complex organisms.
C. bacteriophage lambda
Bacteriophage lambda is a temperate virus that infects Escherichia coli and serves as a classic model system for studying gene regulation, lysogeny, and molecular genetics.
D. Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism
The Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism is the primary biochemical route by which cells convert galactose into glucose-1-phosphate for entry into central energy and biosynthetic pathways.
E. Molecular Biology of the Gene
Molecular Biology of the Gene is a landmark molecular biology textbook, co-authored by James Watson, that helped define and systematize modern understanding of DNA structure, gene function, and genetic regulation.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	concept in molecular biology ⓘ genetic regulatory model ⓘ
appliesTo	Escherichia coli ⓘ other enteric bacteria ⓘ
associatedWithAward	1965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ⓘ
basedOn	operon concept ⓘ
condition	lactose absent leads to repression ⓘ lactose present and glucose absent leads to high expression ⓘ lactose present and glucose present leads to low expression ⓘ
demonstrates	integration of multiple environmental signals ⓘ role of small molecules as inducers ⓘ transcriptional control in prokaryotes ⓘ
describes	regulation of lactose metabolism genes in bacteria ⓘ
explains	catabolite repression ⓘ inducible gene expression ⓘ negative regulation of gene expression ⓘ positive regulation of gene expression ⓘ
field	bacterial genetics ⓘ gene expression regulation ⓘ
historicallyProposedBy	François Jacob ⓘ Jacques Monod ⓘ
includesComponent	CAP binding site ⓘ lacA gene ⓘ lacI gene ⓘ lacY gene ⓘ linked to: lac operon model lacZ gene ⓘ operator region ⓘ promoter region ⓘ
influenced	development of operon theory ⓘ modern systems biology of gene networks ⓘ
involvesMolecule	CAP protein ⓘ RNA polymerase ⓘ allolactose ⓘ cAMP ⓘ lac repressor protein ⓘ lactose ⓘ
locatedOn	E. coli chromosome ⓘ linked to: Escherichia coli
mechanism	CAP–cAMP complex enhances RNA polymerase binding ⓘ inducer binds repressor to prevent operator binding ⓘ repressor binds operator to block transcription ⓘ
proposedInYear	1961 ⓘ
regulates	lactose permease production ⓘ thiogalactoside transacetylase production ⓘ β-galactosidase production ⓘ
shows	coordinated regulation of multiple structural genes ⓘ polycistronic mRNA organization ⓘ
usedAs	paradigm for gene regulation ⓘ teaching model in molecular biology ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (4)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Jacques Monod → knownFor → lac operon model ⓘ

François Jacob → knownFor → lac operon ⓘ

linked to: lac operon model

Jacques Monod → knownFor → lac operon model ⓘ

subject linked to: Monod

lac operon model → includesComponent → lacY gene ⓘ