Agnatha
E89221
Agnatha is a superclass of jawless vertebrates that includes modern lampreys and hagfishes as well as numerous extinct lineages.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Agnatha canonical | 4 |
| Cyclostomata | 3 |
| cyclostomes | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T696097 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Agnatha Context triple: [Vertebrata, includesTaxon, Agnatha]
-
A.
Cephalochordata
Cephalochordata is a subphylum of small, fish-like marine animals (such as lancelets) that retain a notochord throughout life and are important for understanding vertebrate evolution.
-
B.
Chondrichthyes
Chondrichthyes is a class of cartilaginous fishes, including sharks, rays, and skates, characterized by skeletons made primarily of cartilage rather than bone.
-
C.
Urochordata
Urochordata, also known as tunicates or sea squirts, is a subphylum of mostly sessile marine animals whose larvae possess chordate features such as a notochord and dorsal nerve cord.
-
D.
Chordata
Chordata is a major animal phylum that includes all vertebrates and their closest invertebrate relatives, characterized by having a notochord at some stage of development.
-
E.
Echinodermata
Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates that includes starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, characterized by radial symmetry and a water vascular system.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Agnatha Target entity description: Agnatha is a superclass of jawless vertebrates that includes modern lampreys and hagfishes as well as numerous extinct lineages.
-
A.
Cephalochordata
Cephalochordata is a subphylum of small, fish-like marine animals (such as lancelets) that retain a notochord throughout life and are important for understanding vertebrate evolution.
-
B.
Chondrichthyes
Chondrichthyes is a class of cartilaginous fishes, including sharks, rays, and skates, characterized by skeletons made primarily of cartilage rather than bone.
-
C.
Urochordata
Urochordata, also known as tunicates or sea squirts, is a subphylum of mostly sessile marine animals whose larvae possess chordate features such as a notochord and dorsal nerve cord.
-
D.
Chordata
Chordata is a major animal phylum that includes all vertebrates and their closest invertebrate relatives, characterized by having a notochord at some stage of development.
-
E.
Echinodermata
Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates that includes starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, characterized by radial symmetry and a water vascular system.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
paraphyletic group
ⓘ
vertebrate superclass ⓘ |
| bodyCovering |
bony armor in many extinct forms
ⓘ
lack of true scales in most extant forms ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
absence of jaws
ⓘ
absence of paired fins in most forms ⓘ cartilaginous or fibrous skeleton ⓘ persistent notochord in adults ⓘ single median nostril in many groups ⓘ |
| circulatorySystem | closed circulatory system ⓘ |
| contrastedWith |
Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates)
ⓘ
linked to:
Gnathostomata
|
| diversifiedIn |
Ordovician period
ⓘ
linked to:
Ordovician Period
|
| etymology | from Greek a- (without) and gnathos (jaw) ⓘ |
| evolutionaryStatus | paraphyletic relative to jawed vertebrates ⓘ |
| feedingMode |
filter feeding in many extinct forms
ⓘ
parasitism in many lampreys ⓘ scavenging in many hagfishes ⓘ |
| firstAppearance |
Cambrian period
ⓘ
linked to:
Cambrian Period
|
| habitat |
freshwater environments
ⓘ
marine environments ⓘ |
| hasCommonName | jawless vertebrates ⓘ |
| hasLanguageName | Agnatha (Latinized scientific name) ⓘ |
| hasSignificance | key to understanding early vertebrate evolution ⓘ |
| highDiversityIn |
Devonian period
ⓘ
linked to:
Devonian Period
Silurian period ⓘ
linked to:
Silurian
|
| includesExtantGroup |
hagfishes
ⓘ
lampreys ⓘ |
| includesExtinctGroup |
Anaspida
ⓘ
Galeaspida ⓘ
linked to:
Anaspida
Osteostraci ⓘ Pteraspidomorphi ⓘ Thelodonti ⓘ ostracoderms ⓘ |
| includesTaxon |
Cephalaspidomorphi (sensu lato)
ⓘ
Myxiniformes ⓘ Petromyzontiformes ⓘ
linked to:
Petromyzontidae
|
| kingdom | Animalia ⓘ |
| nervousSystem | well-developed brain and spinal cord ⓘ |
| phylum | Chordata ⓘ |
| precededByInFossilRecord | early chordates ⓘ |
| reproduction | external fertilization in most extant forms ⓘ |
| respiration | gills ⓘ |
| sisterGroupOf | Gnathostomata in some classifications ⓘ |
| subphylum | Vertebrata ⓘ |
| taxonRank | superclass ⓘ |
| usedIn | vertebrate phylogeny studies ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Agnatha Description of subject: Agnatha is a superclass of jawless vertebrates that includes modern lampreys and hagfishes as well as numerous extinct lineages.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Agnatha
linked to: Agnatha
linked to: Agnatha
linked to: Agnatha
linked to: Agnatha