Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs

E71461

article of the Federal Rules of Evidence

Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs is the section of the Federal Rules of Evidence that governs how the contents of documents, recordings, and photographs must be proved in court, including the so‑called “best evidence” rules.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Article X Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs	2
Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs canonical	2
Article X Contents of Writings and Records	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T570055 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs
Context triple: [Federal Rules of Evidence, containsArticle, Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs]

A. Sixty-seven Articles
The Sixty-seven Articles is a foundational 1523 theological manifesto by Huldrych Zwingli that outlines the key doctrines of the Swiss Reformation and challenges various teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
B. Article XII
Article XII is a provision of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide that addresses the relationship between the Convention and existing or future international agreements and obligations of states.
C. Article XII
Article XII is the transitional and schedule article of the Florida Constitution, outlining how and when its provisions take effect and interact with prior laws and constitutional provisions.
D. Article X
Article X is a section of the Florida Constitution that sets forth various general provisions governing the state's legal and governmental framework.
E. Article X
Article X is a provision of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide that addresses procedural or institutional aspects of the treaty’s implementation and operation.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs
Target entity description: Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs is the section of the Federal Rules of Evidence that governs how the contents of documents, recordings, and photographs must be proved in court, including the so‑called “best evidence” rules.

A. Sixty-seven Articles
The Sixty-seven Articles is a foundational 1523 theological manifesto by Huldrych Zwingli that outlines the key doctrines of the Swiss Reformation and challenges various teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
B. Article XII
Article XII is a provision of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide that addresses the relationship between the Convention and existing or future international agreements and obligations of states.
C. Article XII
Article XII is the transitional and schedule article of the Florida Constitution, outlining how and when its provisions take effect and interact with prior laws and constitutional provisions.
D. Article X
Article X is a section of the Florida Constitution that sets forth various general provisions governing the state's legal and governmental framework.
E. Article X
Article X is a provision of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide that addresses procedural or institutional aspects of the treaty’s implementation and operation.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (45)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	article of the Federal Rules of Evidence ⓘ
addresses	proof of contents by testimony or written admission of a party ⓘ public records proved by copies ⓘ summaries to prove contents of voluminous writings ⓘ
allocates	roles of judge and jury in determining fulfillment of best evidence requirements ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Best Evidence Rules ⓘ linked to: rules of evidence for the federal courts
appliesIn	civil proceedings in United States federal courts ⓘ criminal proceedings in United States federal courts ⓘ
appliesTo	audio recordings ⓘ digital photographs ⓘ electronic documents ⓘ film photographs ⓘ handwritten documents ⓘ printed documents ⓘ video recordings ⓘ
authorityType	procedural rule ⓘ
defines	terms related to writings, recordings, and photographs ⓘ
governs	proof of contents of photographs ⓘ proof of contents of recordings ⓘ proof of contents of writings ⓘ
includes	Federal Rule of Evidence 1001 ⓘ linked to: rules of evidence for the federal courts Federal Rule of Evidence 1002 ⓘ linked to: rules of evidence for the federal courts Federal Rule of Evidence 1003 ⓘ Federal Rule of Evidence 1004 ⓘ linked to: rules of evidence for the federal courts Federal Rule of Evidence 1005 ⓘ linked to: rules of evidence for the federal courts Federal Rule of Evidence 1006 ⓘ Federal Rule of Evidence 1007 ⓘ Federal Rule of Evidence 1008 ⓘ
jurisdiction	United States federal courts ⓘ linked to: federal judiciary of the United States
legalField	evidence law ⓘ
partOf	Federal Rules of Evidence ⓘ linked to: rules of evidence for the federal courts
primaryConcept	best evidence rule ⓘ
promulgatedBy	United States Supreme Court ⓘ linked to: Supreme Court of the United States
providesException	admission of duplicates under certain conditions ⓘ admission of secondary evidence when originals are unavailable for certain reasons ⓘ
requires	use of original writing to prove its contents subject to exceptions ⓘ
setsOut	requirements for proving contents of documents ⓘ requirements for proving contents of electronic recordings ⓘ requirements for proving contents of photographs ⓘ
subjectMatter	admissibility of copies ⓘ collateral matters and best evidence ⓘ loss or destruction of originals ⓘ opponent’s control of originals ⓘ originals and duplicates of writings ⓘ unobtainable originals ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (5)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Federal Rules of Evidence → containsArticle → Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs ⓘ

subject linked to: rules of evidence for the federal courts

Article IX – Authentication and Identification → relatedTo → Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs ⓘ

Illinois Rules of Evidence → hasPart → Article X Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs ⓘ

linked to: Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs

Pennsylvania Rules of Evidence → hasPart → Article X Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs ⓘ

linked to: Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs

Massachusetts Rules of Evidence → hasPart → Article X Contents of Writings and Records ⓘ

linked to: Article X – Contents of Writings, Recordings, and Photographs

All labels observed (3)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (45)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (5)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited