Saint Stephen
E69311
Saint Stephen is venerated as the first Christian martyr, known for his role as a deacon in the early Church and his death by stoning as recounted in the Acts of the Apostles.
All labels observed (8)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Saint Stephen canonical | 143 |
| St. Stephen | 14 |
| Saint Stephen the Protomartyr | 4 |
| Saint Stephen Protomartyr | 1 |
| Saint Stephen as Christian protomartyr | 1 |
| Saint Stephen, first Christian martyr | 1 |
| St. Stephen the Protomartyr | 1 |
| Stephen the Protomartyr | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T552778 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Saint Stephen Context triple: [St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, dedicatedTo, Saint Stephen]
-
A.
St. Peter of Damascus
St. Peter of Damascus was a medieval Eastern Christian ascetic and spiritual writer known for his extensive teachings on prayer and inner vigilance, preserved in the Philokalia.
-
B.
Andrew the Apostle
Andrew the Apostle was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus, traditionally regarded as the first-called apostle and a key figure in early Christianity.
-
C.
Saint George of Lydda
Saint George of Lydda is a Christian martyr and legendary soldier-saint, best known as the dragon-slaying patron saint of England and various other regions.
-
D.
Apostle James the Less
Apostle James the Less is one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, traditionally identified as the son of Alphaeus and remembered as a close disciple present at key events in Jesus’ ministry.
-
E.
Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer
Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer is the canonized name given by the Russian Orthodox Church to Nicholas II of Russia, the last emperor of the Russian Empire, venerated for his suffering and death following the Russian Revolution.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Saint Stephen Target entity description: Saint Stephen is venerated as the first Christian martyr, known for his role as a deacon in the early Church and his death by stoning as recounted in the Acts of the Apostles.
-
A.
St. Peter of Damascus
St. Peter of Damascus was a medieval Eastern Christian ascetic and spiritual writer known for his extensive teachings on prayer and inner vigilance, preserved in the Philokalia.
-
B.
Andrew the Apostle
Andrew the Apostle was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus, traditionally regarded as the first-called apostle and a key figure in early Christianity.
-
C.
Saint George of Lydda
Saint George of Lydda is a Christian martyr and legendary soldier-saint, best known as the dragon-slaying patron saint of England and various other regions.
-
D.
Apostle James the Less
Apostle James the Less is one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, traditionally identified as the son of Alphaeus and remembered as a close disciple present at key events in Jesus’ ministry.
-
E.
Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer
Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer is the canonized name given by the Russian Orthodox Church to Nicholas II of Russia, the last emperor of the Russian Empire, venerated for his suffering and death following the Russian Revolution.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Christian martyr
ⓘ
New Testament person ⓘ biblical figure ⓘ deacon ⓘ saint ⓘ |
| accusedOf | blasphemy ⓘ |
| appointedBy | Apostles ⓘ |
| associatedWith | Jerusalem ⓘ |
| burialPlaceTradition | Jerusalem ⓘ |
| commemoratedBy | St Stephen's Day public holidays in some countries ⓘ |
| commemoratedOn |
Second Day of Christmas in Western Christianity
ⓘ
linked to:
Second Day of Christmas
|
| deathCause | stoning ⓘ |
| deathDescribedIn |
Acts of the Apostles chapter 7
ⓘ
linked to:
Acts of the Apostles
|
| deathMethod | stoned to death ⓘ |
| feastDay | 26 December ⓘ |
| feastDayInArmenianChurch | 25 December ⓘ |
| feastDayInOrthodoxChurches | 27 December ⓘ |
| greekName | Stephanos ⓘ |
| honorificTitle | Protomartyr ⓘ |
| iconography |
holding a martyr’s palm
ⓘ
holding stones ⓘ shown as a young deacon ⓘ |
| influenced | early Christian theology of martyrdom ⓘ |
| knownAs |
Saint Stephen the Protomartyr
ⓘ
linked to:
Saint Stephen
|
| languageOfName | Greek ⓘ |
| lastWords | Lord, do not hold this sin against them ⓘ |
| mentionedIn | Acts of the Apostles ⓘ |
| nameMeaning | crown ⓘ |
| patronage |
bricklayers
ⓘ
casket makers ⓘ deacons ⓘ horses ⓘ stone masons ⓘ those with headaches ⓘ |
| relicsReportedlyFoundAt | Kfar Gamla ⓘ |
| relicsTranslatedTo |
Constantinople
ⓘ
linked to:
Constantinople (probable)
Rome ⓘ |
| religion | Christianity ⓘ |
| roleInChurch | one of the Seven Deacons ⓘ |
| scripturalSourceForLife |
New Testament Book of Acts
ⓘ
linked to:
Acts of the Apostles
|
| triedBefore |
Sanhedrin
ⓘ
linked to:
Rabbinic courts
|
| veneratedIn |
Anglican Communion
ⓘ
Assyrian Church of the East ⓘ Catholic Church ⓘ
linked to:
Roman Catholicism
Eastern Catholic Churches ⓘ Eastern Orthodox Church ⓘ
linked to:
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Lutheran Churches ⓘ
linked to:
European Lutheran churches
Oriental Orthodox Churches ⓘ
linked to:
Oriental Orthodoxy
|
| vision | Jesus standing at the right hand of God ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Saint Stephen Description of subject: Saint Stephen is venerated as the first Christian martyr, known for his role as a deacon in the early Church and his death by stoning as recounted in the Acts of the Apostles.
Referenced by (166)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
Auxerre, France
linked to: Saint Stephen
linked to: Saint Stephen
subject linked to:
Stevenskerk (St. Steven’s Church)
subject linked to:
Bourges, France
linked to: Saint Stephen
linked to: Saint Stephen
linked to: Saint Stephen
subject linked to:
Bourges
linked to: Saint Stephen
subject linked to:
Sens
subject linked to:
Mainz Cathedral (shared use for Protestant services in the region)
linked to: Saint Stephen