Bayh–Dole Act
E6333
The Bayh–Dole Act is a landmark 1980 U.S. law that allows universities, small businesses, and other institutions to retain ownership of inventions developed with federal funding, spurring technology transfer and commercialization.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Bayh–Dole Act canonical | 10 |
| Bayh-Dole Act | 1 |
| Bayh–Dole Act of 1980 | 1 |
| Chapter 18 – Patent rights in inventions made with federal assistance | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T55684 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bayh–Dole Act Context triple: [Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, relatedTo, Bayh–Dole Act]
-
A.
Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986
The Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 is a U.S. law that strengthened and formalized the process for federal laboratories to collaborate with industry and transfer government-developed technologies into the private sector.
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B.
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980
The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 is a U.S. federal law designed to promote the transfer of technology from federal laboratories to the private sector and encourage innovation and commercialization of federally funded research.
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C.
Small Business Innovation Research program
The Small Business Innovation Research program is a U.S. government initiative that provides competitive funding to small businesses for research and development with strong commercialization potential.
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D.
Small Business Technology Transfer program
The Small Business Technology Transfer program is a U.S. federal initiative that funds collaborative research and development projects between small businesses and nonprofit research institutions to help commercialize innovative technologies.
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E.
Lemelson Foundation
The Lemelson Foundation is a philanthropic organization that supports invention and innovation to improve lives, particularly through funding programs in education, entrepreneurship, and sustainable development.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bayh–Dole Act Target entity description: The Bayh–Dole Act is a landmark 1980 U.S. law that allows universities, small businesses, and other institutions to retain ownership of inventions developed with federal funding, spurring technology transfer and commercialization.
-
A.
Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986
The Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 is a U.S. law that strengthened and formalized the process for federal laboratories to collaborate with industry and transfer government-developed technologies into the private sector.
-
B.
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980
The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 is a U.S. federal law designed to promote the transfer of technology from federal laboratories to the private sector and encourage innovation and commercialization of federally funded research.
-
C.
Small Business Innovation Research program
The Small Business Innovation Research program is a U.S. government initiative that provides competitive funding to small businesses for research and development with strong commercialization potential.
-
D.
Small Business Technology Transfer program
The Small Business Technology Transfer program is a U.S. federal initiative that funds collaborative research and development projects between small businesses and nonprofit research institutions to help commercialize innovative technologies.
-
E.
Lemelson Foundation
The Lemelson Foundation is a philanthropic organization that supports invention and innovation to improve lives, particularly through funding programs in education, entrepreneurship, and sustainable development.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal law
ⓘ
technology transfer law ⓘ |
| allows |
patenting of inventions arising from federally funded research
ⓘ
retention of title to inventions by contractors ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Bayh–Dole Act of 1980
ⓘ
linked to:
Bayh–Dole Act
|
| amendedBy | Technical Corrections to the Bayh–Dole Act ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
contractors receiving federal research funding
ⓘ
nonprofit organizations ⓘ small businesses ⓘ universities ⓘ |
| codifiedIn | Title 35 of the United States Code ⓘ |
| codifiedSection | 35 U.S.C. §§ 200–212 ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| criticizedFor |
contributing to commercialization pressures in academia
ⓘ
potentially restricting access to publicly funded research outputs ⓘ |
| dateSigned | 1980-12-12 ⓘ |
| effectiveDate | 1981-07-01 ⓘ |
| enactedBy | 96th United States Congress ⓘ |
| enactedInYear | 1980 ⓘ |
| field |
intellectual property law
ⓘ
science and technology policy ⓘ |
| grants | nonexclusive license to the U.S. government ⓘ |
| impact |
commercialization of academic research
ⓘ
expansion of university–industry partnerships ⓘ growth of university technology transfer offices ⓘ increased university patenting ⓘ |
| includesProvision |
government license to practice the invention
ⓘ
march-in rights ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States federal government
ⓘ
linked to:
United States government
|
| namedAfter |
Birch Bayh
ⓘ
Bob Dole ⓘ |
| objective |
encourage maximum participation of small business firms
ⓘ
ensure inventions are used in a manner to promote free competition and enterprise ⓘ ensure that the government obtains sufficient rights to meet its needs ⓘ promote collaboration between commercial concerns and nonprofit organizations ⓘ promote utilization of inventions arising from federally supported research ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Stevenson–Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980
ⓘ
federal research and development policy ⓘ |
| requires |
disclosure of subject inventions to federal agencies
ⓘ
preference for U.S. industry in licensing ⓘ sharing of royalties with inventors ⓘ use of income for research and education ⓘ |
| shortTitle | Patent and Trademark Law Amendments Act ⓘ |
| signedIntoLawBy | Jimmy Carter ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
commercialization of federally funded inventions
ⓘ
ownership of inventions from federal funding ⓘ patent rights in federally funded research ⓘ technology transfer ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Bayh–Dole Act Description of subject: The Bayh–Dole Act is a landmark 1980 U.S. law that allows universities, small businesses, and other institutions to retain ownership of inventions developed with federal funding, spurring technology transfer and commercialization.
Referenced by (13)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Bayh–Dole Act
linked to: Bayh–Dole Act
Title 35 of the United States Code
→
contains
→
Chapter 18 – Patent rights in inventions made with federal assistance
ⓘ
linked to: Bayh–Dole Act