Tomos of 1351

E551856

document of the Eastern Orthodox Church ecclesiastical decree synodal tomos

The Tomos of 1351 is a formal decree of the Eastern Orthodox Church that definitively endorsed Gregory Palamas’s hesychast theology and settled the 14th-century Byzantine dispute over the nature of divine grace and human participation in God.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Tomos of 1347	1
Tomos of 1351 canonical	1
Tomos of the Council of Constantinople of 1351	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5839380 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Tomos of 1351
Context triple: [Hesychast controversy, outcomeDocument, Tomos of 1351]

A. Graves de Communi Re
Graves de Communi Re is an 1901 encyclical by Pope Leo XIII that addresses Christian democracy, social justice, and the proper relationship between the Church, society, and emerging democratic movements.
B. Si vera sunt (1239)
Si vera sunt (1239) is a papal bull by Pope Gregory IX addressing alleged Jewish attacks on Christians and the desecration of Christian symbols.
C. Joyous Entry of 1356
The Joyous Entry of 1356 was a foundational constitutional charter of the Duchy of Brabant that limited ducal power and guaranteed key privileges and liberties to the duchy’s subjects.
D. The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church is a 1520 theological treatise by Martin Luther that sharply criticizes the Roman Catholic sacramental system and helped define key doctrines of the Protestant Reformation.
E. Nihil novi (1505)
Nihil novi (1505) was a landmark Polish constitutional act that curtailed royal authority by requiring the consent of the Sejm, dominated by the szlachta (nobility), for the enactment of new laws.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Tomos of 1351
Target entity description: The Tomos of 1351 is a formal decree of the Eastern Orthodox Church that definitively endorsed Gregory Palamas’s hesychast theology and settled the 14th-century Byzantine dispute over the nature of divine grace and human participation in God.

A. Graves de Communi Re
Graves de Communi Re is an 1901 encyclical by Pope Leo XIII that addresses Christian democracy, social justice, and the proper relationship between the Church, society, and emerging democratic movements.
B. Si vera sunt (1239)
Si vera sunt (1239) is a papal bull by Pope Gregory IX addressing alleged Jewish attacks on Christians and the desecration of Christian symbols.
C. Joyous Entry of 1356
The Joyous Entry of 1356 was a foundational constitutional charter of the Duchy of Brabant that limited ducal power and guaranteed key privileges and liberties to the duchy’s subjects.
D. The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
The Babylonian Captivity of the Church is a 1520 theological treatise by Martin Luther that sharply criticizes the Roman Catholic sacramental system and helped define key doctrines of the Protestant Reformation.
E. Nihil novi (1505)
Nihil novi (1505) was a landmark Polish constitutional act that curtailed royal authority by requiring the consent of the Sejm, dominated by the szlachta (nobility), for the enactment of new laws.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	document of the Eastern Orthodox Church ⓘ ecclesiastical decree ⓘ synodal tomos ⓘ
affirms	legitimacy of hesychast practice of inner prayer ⓘ possibility of deification (theosis) by grace ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Synodal Tomos of 1351 ⓘ Tomos of the Council of Constantinople of 1351 ⓘ linked to: Tomos of 1351
approvedBy	Byzantine emperor John VI Kantakouzenos ⓘ linked to: John VI Kantakouzenos
associatedWithCouncil	Palamite Councils of Constantinople ⓘ linked to: Palamite councils of Constantinople
century	14th century ⓘ
condemns	Barlaam of Calabria ⓘ Gregory Akindynos ⓘ anti‑hesychast teachings ⓘ
countryAtTimeOfIssue	Byzantine Empire ⓘ
date	1351 ⓘ
declares	Gregory Palamas is orthodox in faith ⓘ linked to: St. Gregory Palamas divine grace is uncreated ⓘ the light of the Transfiguration is uncreated ⓘ
endorsesTheologyOf	Gregory Palamas ⓘ linked to: St. Gregory Palamas
field	Byzantine theology ⓘ
follows	Tomos of 1347 ⓘ linked to: Tomos of 1351
genre	dogmatic definition ⓘ
hasCanonicalForceIn	Eastern Orthodox Church ⓘ linked to: Eastern Orthodox Christianity
influenced	later Eastern Orthodox dogmatic theology ⓘ reception of Gregory Palamas as a Church Father ⓘ
issuedBy	Council of Constantinople of 1351 ⓘ linked to: Council of Constantinople 1351
language	Greek ⓘ
placeOfIssue	Constantinople ⓘ linked to: Constantinople (probable)
recognizedBy	Eastern Orthodox Church ⓘ linked to: Eastern Orthodox Christianity
regardsAsOrthodox	teaching that God is unknowable in essence but knowable in energies ⓘ
rejects	identification of divine grace with created effects ⓘ
relatedTo	Council of Constantinople of 1341 ⓘ linked to: Council of Constantinople 1341 Council of Constantinople of 1347 ⓘ linked to: Council of Constantinople 1347
religiousTradition	Eastern Orthodoxy ⓘ linked to: Eastern Orthodox Christianity
settles	14th‑century Byzantine hesychast controversy ⓘ dispute over human participation in God ⓘ dispute over the nature of divine grace ⓘ
statusInOrthodoxy	dogmatic authority for Palamite theology ⓘ
subjectOf	scholarly studies in Byzantine theology ⓘ
supportsDoctrine	essence–energies distinction ⓘ hesychasm ⓘ real human participation in God through divine energies ⓘ uncreated divine energies ⓘ
theologicalOrientation	Palamite ⓘ
topic	hesychast controversy ⓘ human participation in God ⓘ mystical prayer ⓘ nature of divine grace ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Hesychast controversy → outcomeDocument → Tomos of 1351 ⓘ

Tomos of 1351 → follows → Tomos of 1347 ⓘ

linked to: Tomos of 1351

Tomos of 1351 → alsoKnownAs → Tomos of the Council of Constantinople of 1351 ⓘ