Michael Grätzel
E53756
Michael Grätzel is a Swiss chemist best known for inventing dye-sensitized solar cells, a breakthrough in low-cost, efficient solar energy technology.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Michael Grätzel canonical | 5 |
| Grätzel | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T422441 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Michael Grätzel Context triple: [Millennium Technology Prize, notableLaureate, Michael Grätzel]
-
A.
Isamu Akasaki
Isamu Akasaki was a Japanese physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering the development of efficient blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which revolutionized lighting and display technologies.
-
B.
Nick Holonyak Jr.
Nick Holonyak Jr. was an American engineer and inventor best known for creating the first practical visible-spectrum LED, earning him recognition as a pioneer in semiconductor lighting technology.
-
C.
Shuji Nakamura
Shuji Nakamura is a Japanese-American engineer and physicist best known for inventing the efficient blue LED, a breakthrough that enabled modern white LED lighting and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics.
-
D.
Gerhard Herzberg
Gerhard Herzberg was a German-Canadian physicist and physical chemist renowned for his pioneering work in molecular spectroscopy, for which he received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
-
E.
Frances Arnold
Frances Arnold is an American chemical engineer and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering the directed evolution of enzymes, revolutionizing fields from green chemistry to biotechnology.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Michael Grätzel Target entity description: Michael Grätzel is a Swiss chemist best known for inventing dye-sensitized solar cells, a breakthrough in low-cost, efficient solar energy technology.
-
A.
Isamu Akasaki
Isamu Akasaki was a Japanese physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering the development of efficient blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which revolutionized lighting and display technologies.
-
B.
Nick Holonyak Jr.
Nick Holonyak Jr. was an American engineer and inventor best known for creating the first practical visible-spectrum LED, earning him recognition as a pioneer in semiconductor lighting technology.
-
C.
Shuji Nakamura
Shuji Nakamura is a Japanese-American engineer and physicist best known for inventing the efficient blue LED, a breakthrough that enabled modern white LED lighting and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics.
-
D.
Gerhard Herzberg
Gerhard Herzberg was a German-Canadian physicist and physical chemist renowned for his pioneering work in molecular spectroscopy, for which he received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
-
E.
Frances Arnold
Frances Arnold is an American chemical engineer and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering the directed evolution of enzymes, revolutionizing fields from green chemistry to biotechnology.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Swiss scientist
ⓘ
academic ⓘ chemist ⓘ |
| awardReceived |
2010 Millennium Technology Prize
ⓘ
linked to:
Millennium Technology Prize
Albert Einstein World Award of Science ⓘ
linked to:
Albert Einstein World Science Award
Balzan Prize ⓘ Faraday Medal ⓘ
linked to:
IET Faraday Medal
Millennium Technology Prize ⓘ Wolf Prize in Chemistry ⓘ |
| citizenOf | Switzerland ⓘ |
| countryOfWork | Switzerland ⓘ |
| educatedAt | Free University of Berlin ⓘ |
| employer |
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
ⓘ
linked to:
École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
|
| familyName |
Grätzel
ⓘ
linked to:
Michael Grätzel
|
| fieldOfWork |
chemistry
ⓘ
nanotechnology ⓘ photochemistry ⓘ physical chemistry ⓘ solar energy ⓘ |
| gender | male ⓘ |
| givenName | Michael ⓘ |
| hasAcademicDiscipline | chemistry ⓘ |
| hasCitizenship | Switzerland ⓘ |
| hasResearchArea |
materials science
ⓘ
renewable energy ⓘ |
| hasRole | inventor of dye-sensitized solar cells ⓘ |
| influenced | development of third-generation solar cells ⓘ |
| knownFor |
Grätzel cell
ⓘ
dye-sensitized solar cell ⓘ research on energy conversion ⓘ research on photovoltaic systems ⓘ |
| languageOfWorkOrName |
English
ⓘ
German ⓘ |
| name | Michael Grätzel ⓘ |
| nationality | Swiss ⓘ |
| notableAchievement | development of low-cost solar cell technology ⓘ |
| notableConcept | Grätzel cell ⓘ |
| notableWork | invention of dye-sensitized solar cells ⓘ |
| occupation |
chemist
ⓘ
university professor ⓘ |
| positionHeld | professor at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ⓘ |
| researchInterest |
energy storage
ⓘ
photoelectrochemistry ⓘ photovoltaics ⓘ solar cells ⓘ |
| workplace |
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
ⓘ
linked to:
École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Michael Grätzel Description of subject: Michael Grätzel is a Swiss chemist best known for inventing dye-sensitized solar cells, a breakthrough in low-cost, efficient solar energy technology.
Referenced by (6)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Michael Grätzel