dye-sensitized solar cell
E269062
A dye-sensitized solar cell is a low-cost, thin-film photovoltaic device that uses light-absorbing dye molecules and a semiconductor to convert sunlight into electricity, offering an alternative to traditional silicon solar cells.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| dye-sensitized solar cell canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2453287 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: dye-sensitized solar cell Context triple: [Michael Grätzel, knownFor, dye-sensitized solar cell]
-
A.
Shockley–Queisser limit
The Shockley–Queisser limit is a theoretical maximum efficiency for single-junction solar cells, defining the upper bound on how much sunlight can be converted into electricity under standard conditions.
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B.
DSC
DSC is a widely used introductory textbook on database systems that covers fundamental concepts such as data models, SQL, and database design.
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C.
DSC
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a high-level military decoration awarded for extraordinary heroism in combat, primarily associated with the United States Army.
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D.
Esaki diode
The Esaki diode is a heavily doped semiconductor tunnel diode that exhibits negative differential resistance, enabling high-speed and microwave-frequency electronic applications.
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E.
SolarWorld (historically)
SolarWorld was a major solar panel manufacturing company that once operated one of the largest solar production facilities in Hillsboro, Oregon, and was a significant employer in the region.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: dye-sensitized solar cell Target entity description: A dye-sensitized solar cell is a low-cost, thin-film photovoltaic device that uses light-absorbing dye molecules and a semiconductor to convert sunlight into electricity, offering an alternative to traditional silicon solar cells.
-
A.
Shockley–Queisser limit
The Shockley–Queisser limit is a theoretical maximum efficiency for single-junction solar cells, defining the upper bound on how much sunlight can be converted into electricity under standard conditions.
-
B.
DSC
DSC is a widely used introductory textbook on database systems that covers fundamental concepts such as data models, SQL, and database design.
-
C.
DSC
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a high-level military decoration awarded for extraordinary heroism in combat, primarily associated with the United States Army.
-
D.
Esaki diode
The Esaki diode is a heavily doped semiconductor tunnel diode that exhibits negative differential resistance, enabling high-speed and microwave-frequency electronic applications.
-
E.
SolarWorld (historically)
SolarWorld was a major solar panel manufacturing company that once operated one of the largest solar production facilities in Hillsboro, Oregon, and was a significant employer in the region.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (56)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
photovoltaic device
ⓘ
thin-film solar cell ⓘ third-generation solar cell ⓘ |
| advantage |
flexibility
ⓘ
good performance under diffuse light ⓘ good performance under indoor light ⓘ low material cost ⓘ semi-transparency ⓘ simple fabrication ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
DSC
ⓘ
DSSC ⓘ Grätzel cell ⓘ |
| alternativeTo | silicon solar cell ⓘ |
| application |
building-integrated photovoltaics
ⓘ
indoor energy harvesting ⓘ portable electronics chargers ⓘ semi-transparent solar windows ⓘ |
| canUseDye |
natural dye
ⓘ
organic dye ⓘ porphyrin dye ⓘ |
| canUseElectrolyte |
polymer electrolyte
ⓘ
solid-state hole conductor ⓘ |
| canUseSubstrate |
ITO glass
ⓘ
indium tin oxide glass ⓘ |
| category |
renewable energy technology
ⓘ
solar cell technology ⓘ |
| converts | sunlight into electricity ⓘ |
| counterElectrodeMaterial |
carbon-based materials
ⓘ
platinum ⓘ |
| developedBy |
Brian O’Regan
ⓘ
Michael Grätzel ⓘ |
| disadvantage |
electrolyte leakage risk
ⓘ
long-term stability issues ⓘ lower efficiency than crystalline silicon solar cells ⓘ |
| hasComponent |
counter electrode
ⓘ
dye sensitizer ⓘ electrolyte ⓘ mesoporous semiconductor layer ⓘ photoanode ⓘ redox couple ⓘ transparent conducting substrate ⓘ |
| notablePublicationYear | 1991 ⓘ |
| operatingPrinciple |
charge separation at dye–semiconductor interface
ⓘ
photoexcitation of dye followed by electron injection into semiconductor ⓘ redox regeneration of dye by electrolyte ⓘ |
| requires | transparent conducting oxide substrate ⓘ |
| typicallyUsesDye | ruthenium-based dye ⓘ |
| typicallyUsesElectrolyte |
iodide/triiodide redox couple
ⓘ
liquid electrolyte ⓘ |
| typicallyUsesSemiconductor |
TiO2
ⓘ
titanium dioxide ⓘ |
| typicallyUsesSubstrate |
FTO glass
ⓘ
fluorine-doped tin oxide glass ⓘ |
| typicalPowerConversionEfficiency | around 10 percent in laboratory cells ⓘ |
| uses |
light-absorbing dye molecules
ⓘ
semiconductor ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: dye-sensitized solar cell Description of subject: A dye-sensitized solar cell is a low-cost, thin-film photovoltaic device that uses light-absorbing dye molecules and a semiconductor to convert sunlight into electricity, offering an alternative to traditional silicon solar cells.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.