White Terror of 1794–1795

E522916

counter-revolutionary movement historical event period of political violence political repression campaign

The White Terror of 1794–1795 was a wave of counter-revolutionary violence in post-Thermidorian France, marked by royalist and anti-Jacobin reprisals against former supporters of the Reign of Terror.

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All labels observed (6)

Label	Occurrences
First White Terror (1794–1795)	1
White Terror (1794–1795)	1
White Terror against former Jacobins	1
White Terror in France	1
White Terror in France (1794–1795)	1
White Terror of 1794–1795 canonical	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5450237 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: White Terror of 1794–1795
Context triple: [White Terror against former Jacobins, alsoKnownAs, White Terror of 1794–1795]

A. Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror was a particularly violent and radical phase of the French Revolution marked by mass executions, political purges, and authoritarian rule under the Committee of Public Safety.
B. Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793
The Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 was a pivotal popular uprising in Paris during the French Revolution that led to the purge of the Girondin deputies from the National Convention and the rise of the radical Montagnards.
C. Vendée uprising
The Vendée uprising was a royalist and Catholic counter-revolutionary revolt in western France during the French Revolution, marked by fierce guerrilla warfare and brutal repression.
D. September Massacres
The September Massacres were a wave of brutal killings of prisoners in Paris in early September 1792, reflecting the radicalization and violent popular justice that marked a turning point in the French Revolution.
E. White Terror (1815)
The White Terror of 1815 was a wave of royalist reprisals in France marked by persecution, violence, and executions against Bonapartists and former revolutionaries following Napoleon’s final defeat and the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: White Terror of 1794–1795
Target entity description: The White Terror of 1794–1795 was a wave of counter-revolutionary violence in post-Thermidorian France, marked by royalist and anti-Jacobin reprisals against former supporters of the Reign of Terror.

A. Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror was a particularly violent and radical phase of the French Revolution marked by mass executions, political purges, and authoritarian rule under the Committee of Public Safety.
B. Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793
The Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793 was a pivotal popular uprising in Paris during the French Revolution that led to the purge of the Girondin deputies from the National Convention and the rise of the radical Montagnards.
C. Vendée uprising
The Vendée uprising was a royalist and Catholic counter-revolutionary revolt in western France during the French Revolution, marked by fierce guerrilla warfare and brutal repression.
D. September Massacres
The September Massacres were a wave of brutal killings of prisoners in Paris in early September 1792, reflecting the radicalization and violent popular justice that marked a turning point in the French Revolution.
E. White Terror (1815)
The White Terror of 1815 was a wave of royalist reprisals in France marked by persecution, violence, and executions against Bonapartists and former revolutionaries following Napoleon’s final defeat and the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (51)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	counter-revolutionary movement ⓘ historical event ⓘ period of political violence ⓘ political repression campaign ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	White Terror in France (1794–1795) ⓘ linked to: White Terror of 1794–1795
chronologicalContext	post-Thermidorian France ⓘ
colorSymbolism	white as symbol of Bourbon monarchy ⓘ
country	France ⓘ
follows	Reign of Terror ⓘ Thermidorian Reaction ⓘ
hasCause	Thermidorian Reaction ⓘ anti-Jacobin sentiment ⓘ collapse of the Jacobin dictatorship ⓘ desire for revenge by victims of the Terror ⓘ fall of Maximilien Robespierre ⓘ resentment against the Reign of Terror ⓘ royalist reaction ⓘ
hasEffect	consolidation of the Directory ⓘ disbanding of many Jacobin clubs ⓘ further polarization of French politics ⓘ rise of royalist confidence ⓘ strengthening of Thermidorian regime ⓘ weakening of Jacobin influence ⓘ
hasEndTime	1795 ⓘ
hasPart	attacks on former revolutionary tribunals ⓘ judicial persecutions of Jacobins ⓘ lynchings of former terrorists ⓘ mob violence ⓘ summary executions ⓘ violence in Avignon region ⓘ violence in Lyon region ⓘ violence in Marseille region ⓘ violence in the Rhône valley ⓘ violence in the southeast of France ⓘ
hasParticipant	Thermidorians ⓘ linked to: Thermidorian deputies anti-Jacobins ⓘ linked to: White Terror against former Jacobins counter-revolutionaries ⓘ former Jacobins ⓘ former federalists ⓘ revolutionary militants ⓘ royalists ⓘ sans-culottes ⓘ linked to: Parisian sans-culottes
hasStartTime	1794 ⓘ
locatedInTimePeriod	French Revolution ⓘ
mainTarget	former Jacobins ⓘ local Jacobin clubs ⓘ members of revolutionary committees ⓘ sans-culotte leaders ⓘ supporters of the Reign of Terror ⓘ
opposes	Jacobinism ⓘ radical republicanism ⓘ

How these facts were elicited