Gibbs–Duhem equation
E517575
The Gibbs–Duhem equation is a fundamental thermodynamic relation that links changes in chemical potential, temperature, and pressure for multicomponent systems, ensuring consistency among intensive variables.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Gibbs–Duhem equation canonical | 3 |
| Gibbs–Duhem integration | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5390038 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gibbs–Duhem equation Context triple: [Josiah Willard Gibbs, knownFor, Gibbs–Duhem equation]
-
A.
Clausius–Clapeyron relation
The Clausius–Clapeyron relation is a fundamental thermodynamic equation that describes how the pressure and temperature of a phase transition, such as boiling or condensation, are related.
-
B.
Nernst–Planck equation
The Nernst–Planck equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes the flux of charged species under the combined influence of diffusion, electric fields, and, in extended forms, convection.
-
C.
Gibbs free energy
Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that predicts the spontaneity of processes and the maximum non-expansion work obtainable from a system at constant temperature and pressure.
-
D.
Nernst equation
The Nernst equation is a fundamental electrochemistry formula that relates the reduction potential of a half-cell to the standard electrode potential, temperature, and activities (or concentrations) of the chemical species involved.
-
E.
Sackur–Tetrode equation
The Sackur–Tetrode equation is a fundamental formula in statistical mechanics that gives the absolute entropy of an ideal monatomic gas in terms of its volume, temperature, and particle number.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gibbs–Duhem equation Target entity description: The Gibbs–Duhem equation is a fundamental thermodynamic relation that links changes in chemical potential, temperature, and pressure for multicomponent systems, ensuring consistency among intensive variables.
-
A.
Clausius–Clapeyron relation
The Clausius–Clapeyron relation is a fundamental thermodynamic equation that describes how the pressure and temperature of a phase transition, such as boiling or condensation, are related.
-
B.
Nernst–Planck equation
The Nernst–Planck equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes the flux of charged species under the combined influence of diffusion, electric fields, and, in extended forms, convection.
-
C.
Gibbs free energy
Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that predicts the spontaneity of processes and the maximum non-expansion work obtainable from a system at constant temperature and pressure.
-
D.
Nernst equation
The Nernst equation is a fundamental electrochemistry formula that relates the reduction potential of a half-cell to the standard electrode potential, temperature, and activities (or concentrations) of the chemical species involved.
-
E.
Sackur–Tetrode equation
The Sackur–Tetrode equation is a fundamental formula in statistical mechanics that gives the absolute entropy of an ideal monatomic gas in terms of its volume, temperature, and particle number.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
physical law
ⓘ
thermodynamic equation ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
gas mixtures
ⓘ
liquid mixtures ⓘ multicomponent systems ⓘ solid solutions ⓘ |
| assumes |
extensivity of thermodynamic potentials
ⓘ
reversible changes in state variables ⓘ |
| category | equations of state and relations ⓘ |
| constrains | independent intensive variables ⓘ |
| derivedFrom |
Euler’s homogeneous function theorem
ⓘ
Gibbs free energy ⓘ |
| ensures | consistency of intensive variables ⓘ |
| expresses | dependence of chemical potentials on temperature and pressure ⓘ |
| field | thermodynamics ⓘ |
| governs | variation of chemical potentials with composition ⓘ |
| holdsFor | closed systems with variable composition ⓘ |
| implies | only two independent intensive variables for a single-component system ⓘ |
| imposes | consistency condition on activity coefficients ⓘ |
| mathematicalForm | S dT − V dP + Σ n_i dμ_i = 0 ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Josiah Willard Gibbs
ⓘ
Pierre Duhem ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
Gibbs free energy equation
ⓘ
linked to:
Gibbs free energy
Gibbs–Duhem integration ⓘ
linked to:
Gibbs–Duhem equation
Maxwell relations ⓘ |
| relates |
chemical potential
ⓘ
pressure ⓘ temperature ⓘ |
| role | reduces number of independent chemical potentials ⓘ |
| type | differential relation ⓘ |
| usedIn |
calculation of activity coefficients
ⓘ
chemical engineering thermodynamics ⓘ derivation of Margules and other activity models ⓘ derivation of Raoult’s law consistency relations ⓘ phase equilibrium analysis ⓘ solution thermodynamics ⓘ validation of thermodynamic models ⓘ |
| usedToCheck | thermodynamic consistency of experimental data ⓘ |
| validFor | systems at thermodynamic equilibrium ⓘ |
| variable |
amount of substance n_i
ⓘ
chemical potential μ_i ⓘ entropy S ⓘ pressure P ⓘ temperature T ⓘ volume V ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Gibbs–Duhem equation Description of subject: The Gibbs–Duhem equation is a fundamental thermodynamic relation that links changes in chemical potential, temperature, and pressure for multicomponent systems, ensuring consistency among intensive variables.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Gibbs–Duhem equation