On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
E517571
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances is a foundational 1876–1878 treatise in thermodynamics by Josiah Willard Gibbs that introduced key concepts of chemical thermodynamics and phase equilibrium, including the Gibbs free energy.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5390032 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances Context triple: [Josiah Willard Gibbs, notableWork, On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances]
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A.
Traité élémentaire de chimie
Traité élémentaire de chimie is a foundational 1789 chemistry textbook by Antoine Lavoisier that helped establish modern chemical nomenclature and the law of conservation of mass.
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B.
Illustrations of the Dynamical Theory of Gases
Illustrations of the Dynamical Theory of Gases is a foundational 1860 scientific paper by James Clerk Maxwell that introduced key ideas of kinetic theory and the statistical behavior of gas molecules.
-
C.
On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences
On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences is an influential 1834 scientific treatise by Mary Somerville that synthesizes contemporary knowledge across astronomy, physics, and other disciplines to highlight their underlying unity.
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D.
Théorie analytique de la chaleur
Théorie analytique de la chaleur is Joseph Fourier’s foundational 1822 treatise that introduced Fourier series and laid the mathematical groundwork for the modern theory of heat conduction and harmonic analysis.
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E.
Wilhelm Ostwalds Annalen der Naturphilosophie
Wilhelm Ostwalds Annalen der Naturphilosophie was an early 20th-century German philosophical journal, founded by chemist and philosopher Wilhelm Ostwald, that focused on natural philosophy and the foundations of science.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances Target entity description: On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances is a foundational 1876–1878 treatise in thermodynamics by Josiah Willard Gibbs that introduced key concepts of chemical thermodynamics and phase equilibrium, including the Gibbs free energy.
-
A.
Traité élémentaire de chimie
Traité élémentaire de chimie is a foundational 1789 chemistry textbook by Antoine Lavoisier that helped establish modern chemical nomenclature and the law of conservation of mass.
-
B.
Illustrations of the Dynamical Theory of Gases
Illustrations of the Dynamical Theory of Gases is a foundational 1860 scientific paper by James Clerk Maxwell that introduced key ideas of kinetic theory and the statistical behavior of gas molecules.
-
C.
On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences
On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences is an influential 1834 scientific treatise by Mary Somerville that synthesizes contemporary knowledge across astronomy, physics, and other disciplines to highlight their underlying unity.
-
D.
Théorie analytique de la chaleur
Théorie analytique de la chaleur is Joseph Fourier’s foundational 1822 treatise that introduced Fourier series and laid the mathematical groundwork for the modern theory of heat conduction and harmonic analysis.
-
E.
Wilhelm Ostwalds Annalen der Naturphilosophie
Wilhelm Ostwalds Annalen der Naturphilosophie was an early 20th-century German philosophical journal, founded by chemist and philosopher Wilhelm Ostwald, that focused on natural philosophy and the foundations of science.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
scientific treatise
ⓘ
thermodynamics treatise ⓘ work of chemical thermodynamics ⓘ |
| author | Josiah Willard Gibbs ⓘ |
| authorAffiliation | Yale University ⓘ |
| authorOccupation |
chemist
ⓘ
physicist ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| field |
chemical thermodynamics
ⓘ
physical chemistry ⓘ thermodynamics ⓘ |
| hasKeyIdea |
conditions for coexistence of phases
ⓘ
criteria for spontaneous processes ⓘ generalization to multicomponent systems ⓘ mathematical formulation of phase equilibria ⓘ use of energy and entropy to determine equilibrium ⓘ |
| influenced |
modern chemical thermodynamics
ⓘ
phase diagram theory ⓘ physical chemistry as a discipline ⓘ statistical mechanics development ⓘ |
| introducedConcept |
Gibbs free energy
ⓘ
Gibbs–Duhem equation ⓘ chemical potential ⓘ conditions for phase equilibrium ⓘ phase rule ⓘ thermodynamic potential ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| originalMedium | scientific journal ⓘ |
| publicationEndYear | 1878 ⓘ |
| publicationStartYear | 1876 ⓘ |
| publicationType |
journal article
ⓘ
monograph ⓘ |
| publishedIn | Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences ⓘ |
| publisher | Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences ⓘ |
| recognizedAs |
classic of physical chemistry
ⓘ
cornerstone of chemical thermodynamics ⓘ foundational work in thermodynamics ⓘ |
| timePeriod | late 19th century ⓘ |
| topic |
chemical equilibrium
ⓘ
energy and entropy in equilibrium ⓘ equilibrium of heterogeneous systems ⓘ heterogeneous phases ⓘ multicomponent systems ⓘ phase equilibria ⓘ thermodynamic stability ⓘ |
| volumeCount | two-part paper ⓘ |
| yearFirstPartPublished | 1876 ⓘ |
| yearSecondPartPublished | 1878 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances Description of subject: On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances is a foundational 1876–1878 treatise in thermodynamics by Josiah Willard Gibbs that introduced key concepts of chemical thermodynamics and phase equilibrium, including the Gibbs free energy.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.